Evolution of Predator and Prey Pairings

Introduction The world is undergoing various transformations in order for all species to adapt to the inevitable changes on the environment. This has led to cases of inventions and innovations as human beings strive to find better ways of fitting in the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of Predator and Prey Pairings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand all other living things are undergoing evolution albeit at a very minimal level in order to enable them fit in the environment (Katz 2009). In the ecosystem various food chains and webs continue to change as competition between preys continue to rise. This essay evaluates the evolution of predator and prey pairings and how it leads to the evolution of prey species. In ecology a predator is defined as an animal or organism that feeds on other organisms while the prey is the victim (Scott 2010). The relationship between predator and pre y is important in order to ensure there is a balance between the prey and predator populations. Predators play an important role of ensuring that the prey population is regulated to avoid overpopulation. However, recent studies have revealed a strange pairing of predators and preys due to continuous adaptations that threaten the existence of prey in any ecosystem. This is due to the fact that the predators are evolving at a faster rate than their preys. It should be understood that all organisms need to evolve at the same rate given the fact that they reside in the same ecosystem. This is revealed in the relationship between the lion and the Thompson gazelles in a case study done in one of Africa’s game parks known as the Serengeti located at the Kenya Tanzania border. The study revealed that lions have become faster and developed high sensitivity in order to hunt gazelles with ease. As the park continues to undergo changes due to global warming gazelles are adapting slower t han lions and this enables the later to stand higher chances of survival compared to the former. The study revealed that the association between the lions and the gazelles ought to be balanced and efforts are being made to ensure the gazelle population is kept constant to avoid their extinction. Given the fact that prey and predator pairings threatens the survival of the prey there are other external factors that contribute to the elimination of the prey species (Bothman 2010). All these organisms live in the same ecosystem and are thus subjected to the same environmental conditions.Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Whenever these conditions threaten the existence of species they do not do so in isolation of the prey or predator alone. These conditions threaten the lives of both groups of organisms and coupled with the feeding behavior of the predators the preys are therefore subjected t o a higher risk of getting extinct compared to the predators. However, the populations of predators face great risks from other factors that may help in reducing chances of prey extinction due to the fact that as more predators continue to be killed by diseases, poaching and forest fires their population reduces. Therefore, there will be fewer predators feeding on the prey and this gives the population of the later higher chances of increasing. It is estimated that within the next twenty years almost twenty percent of animals living in various regions of the world will become extinct if proper interventions are not put in place. Conclusion Human intervention in the ecosystem plays an important role of ensuring all species of living things are protected against extinction. More research needs to be conducted to ensure protective measures are taken to protect all endangered species. References Bothman, J. (2010). Carnivore Ecology in Aroid Lands (Adaptations of Desert  Organisms). N ew York: Springer Publishers. Katz, R. (2009). Evolution. New York: Createspace Publishers. Scott, J. (2010). Evolution. Stamford: Cengage Learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of Predator and Prey Pairings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Evolution of Predator and Prey Pairings was written and submitted by user Brantley Oneill to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Importances of Effective Communication Essay Example

Importances of Effective Communication Essay Example Importances of Effective Communication Essay Importances of Effective Communication Essay pTHE IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE COMMINUCATION DEFINATION:- 1)Communication is a Process by which some thoughts, fleeings ideas (i. e. information) are Conveyed by One Individual to another Individual or by One Individual to a Group or by One group to another group In such a manner that there is Reception, Understanding, and Feedback. Petter Little 2)â€Å"Human Communication is sending Meaningful Messages from one Person to Another† Denis Mc Quail Introduction to Communication:- Communication is an essential part of Human Interaction. The benefits of effective communication are many and obvious as they enhance all aspects of our personal and professional lives. Ineffective or misunderstood communications in our personal lives may give rise to problems. IMP OF COMMUNICATION IN OUR TO DAY PERSONAL/SOCIAL LIFE:- A)Communication is a personal Asset. B)It is very usefull and essential in every walk of life. C)In spite of computers and other modern machine of communication. The ability to communicate effectively is a valueable skill. If we use communication properly. D)It will be a blessing. E)Communication will make our life happy and meaningful. However, if we don’t use communication carefully then A)It will become a curse, and B)Make our life Miserable. IMPORTANT TERMS USED IN THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION:- Although used in a slightly different context, a phrase from some British propaganda during WWII neatly sums up the dangers of ineffective communications: ‘Careless talk costs lives’. That may be over-dramatic in most cases where communications between seafarers or between ship and shore go awry but it does illustrate the importance of effective communications and the real dangers if they go badly wrong. A)There are 2 stages and 5 factors of communication. B)Communication Cycle, C)Communication Situation, and D)Communication Gap. Stages are of types i. e. Sender and Receiver. The Factors for Sender are proper channel, Message Encoding. And The Factors for Receiver are Decoding Feedback. Conclusion Effective communications are an essential ingredient to safe and efficient ship operations. Communication can be achieved in many ways but the prime method for operational communications is through speech.

Marketing Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Marketing Plan - Research Paper Example The company’s product – Daisy Make-up kit – is waterproof in design and does not fade during rains. The company has an utmost objective of reaching out to both local and international brides and brides’ maidens with the make-up kit while achieving 70 percent profit margin in its product’s sales. The first strategy that the company seeks to employ in enticing the prospective customers is merging high quality with price affordability. As such, it seeks to have the brand of high-quality make-up kit – Daisy Make-up Kit – that has significantly low and affordable price. The company shall embark on the creation of customer awareness and relations campaign by putting strategies in place for demonstrating to the customers how the product’s key features work. In so doing, Silva Company Limited shall be aiming at communicating to the prospective customers the competitive qualities of its brand make-up kit. The company shall place details of the demonstration with intensive description encompassing the quality if the product on its website that must also be updated from time to time. Another strategy shall involve aggressive advertisement of the product that the company shall conduct through different medium. It shall use print, audio and audio-visual media to reach out to the prospective customers. For instance, the company ought to take advantage of seasonal Bridal Magazines produced by reputable companies (Ferrell & Hartline, 2012). It shall also make use of the rapidly growing social media as a reach-out tool. Concerning marketing mix, the company intends to employ diverse customer-friendly means of acquiring and retaining its customers. Prices shall be set based on the customers’ levels of income and welfare. The company intends to offer focus on price affordability in relation to quality. The company intends to

Motivation in the Hospitality Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Motivation in the Hospitality Industry - Essay Example In other words, without motivation, all activities in the human world continue in a static manner. There would be no improvement or advancement in any area of human activity. This is also true for the hospitality industry. This paper reviews the concept of motivation in the hospitality industry and will look into the mindset of both employees and employers. In the process, the paper will review relevant theories of motivation and will apply them into the aspects mentioned above. The concept of motivation: As mentioned earlier, motivation is based on â€Å"an inclination to do something† (Baumeister &Vohs 2007, p. 115). The authors state that any motivating factor has the ability to overcome any ego issue that is present in an individual. It can be said that ego could be a factor that could come in the way of motivation. An employer, as the authors suggest could play a role in motivating an individual to overcome this ego factor. They state that needs and wants could play a cru cial role in this regard. Hence theories like Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Expectancy Theory and other related theories are worth considering here in this paper. Ego is not a major factor in this regard and other theories mentioned above can be applied by managers in the hotel industry to bring about motivation within employers and employees. Motivation can also be categorized into extrinsic and intrinsic without taking into consideration the concept of ego (Vallerand 2004, 428). Extrinsic motivation is a feeling that comes from external rewards (Tileston 2004, p 4). It could be monetary and other non-monetary rewards like praise and recognition. On the other hand â€Å"Intrinsic motivation is defined as the doing of an activity for its inherent satisfactions rather than for some separable consequence. When intrinsically motivated a person is moved to act for the fun or challenge entailed rather than because of external prods, pressures, or rewards† (Ryan & Deci 2000 p . 27). In other words, motivation can result in a variety of reasons and it is up to the managers and employers to make use of it to form a symbiotic relationship with the employees. Specific theories are discussed her in order to understand the concept of motivation. One of the most important in this regard is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. According to this theory, needs are based on hierarchy as can be seen by the wordings. In other words, motivation is dependant on individual feelings of achievement. The problem is to define whether an individual is motivated to perform for his or her individual needs or for a common good. According to Maslow, there are several steps that motivate individuals to perform in a certain way. They include basic and psychological needs ranging from physiological needs to self- actualization (Fiore 2004, p 62). (Maslow 2012) Physiological needs pertain to basic survival and individuals will go to any extent to survive in a particular environment ( Allen & Gilmore 1998, p. 35). These needs are necessary for basic survival and hence no other considerations will be deemed necessary at this stage. A person just needs an environment for food and other basic necessities for survival. Once the physiological needs are met the next motivating factor is safety needs. In this stage, a person looks at a long term aspect of survival which pertains to the aspect of safety for

Compare and contrasts the effect of terrorism on global events Dissertation

Compare and contrasts the effect of terrorism on global events - Dissertation Example Secondary research method was more appropriate because it provided sufficient historical data for comparison purposes. The hosting of the global event in these two cities corresponds to two critical periods in the history of terrorism. During the hosting of Olympic Games in Barcelona, there had been no major terror attack on global events for two decades, since 1972 attacks in Munich Olympic Games. However, prior to the hosting of Olympic Games in Sydney in 2000, terrorists had bombed similar global event in Atlanta, United States in 1996. One year after Sidney hosted the games, September 11 terror attacks in New York occurred. 5. Discussions and research findings Global events are important components of tourism, an industry that is very vulnerable to terrorism and insecurity. Currently tourism is one of the most important economic activities in the world besides telecommunication and information technology. The importance of hosting global events is evidenced by the stiff competiti on the many countries wishing to host events face to secure the hosting rights. Some of the most popular global events include the Olympics and FIFA world cup among others. The large audience that the global events attract make them susceptible to various threats, including violence from the fans, terrorism and natural disasters. From the 1990s, terrorism has been the one of the major concerns for the events organizers and the sports managers. The 1972 terror attacks that targeted Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics and the pipe bomb that exploded in1996 during summer Olympics in Atlanta are just of some of the few attacks targeting global events. Since then, other global events have been targeted by terrorism including International Cricket Council (ICC) tournaments in Asia, especially in Pakistan, UEFA champions league matches in Barcelona and the recent attacks in Kampala Uganda that targeted fans watching the finals of 2010 world cup finals in South Africa (Clark and Sophia 2008). Several research studies have been undertaken to investigate terrorism on global events, and one of the common findings is the insufficiency of security personnel training at venues in relation to those guarding against terror attacks. However, Appelbaum, et al (2005), argued that the unpredictable nature of terrorism and the conduct of attending fans present formidable difficulties in ensuring a secure environment at the venues. Therefore, it is imperative to enforce appropriate preparations, response and recovery measures to mitigate the effects of terrorism to the global events. There are various definitions of terrorism and Christopher (2000, p 52) defines it as â€Å"the illegal use of force or violence against people or property to threaten or coerce a government, the civilian population or any targeted sector in advancement of political or social objectives†. Terror attacks targeting global events and other civilian installations are normally well planned and or ganized. According to Christopher (2000), the objectives of terror attacks targeting areas with large number of people such as global events include inflicting the greatest amount of humiliation to the target and securing maximum publicity of the terrorist cause to the largest number of people in the world as possible. Moreover, terrorists who successfully launch attacks on the targeted areas mainly intend to gain credit or respect, compel the targeted population into agreement with

Special interest tourism

Special interest tourism Abstract Tourism is included in the most dynamic and propulsive activities, with complex and multiple effects. It supplies tourism with strong driving force in wide range of activities and includes it more and more into priorities of economic development of numerous receptive countries and their particular parts. Wealth, preservation and appeal of natural resources, large number of traditional agricultural households, gradual increase in domestic population living standard, as well as increasing interest of international market for performances of special interest tourism, make solid framework for development of this branch of tourism in Serbia, where required conditions exist. The development of other, accompanying activities is emphasized also in order to enrich the content that this particular branch of tourism has to offer. The intention of the authors in this paper is to, whit particular retrospective on conditions in Croatia and Serbia, answer to some developmental questions of tourism progress, depending on natural, economic and social facts, recognition of geographic aspects of terrain and determination by human factor in enhancing special interest tourism with all of its following content, through its work and activities. Key words: special interest tourism, comparative analysis, market, accommodation capacities, education. Introduction Based on key factors of success analysis, apparent is that both destinations have relatively good potential for developmental and international commercialization of tourism product. The fact is, that this product is based on preserved natural resources, to the larges extent, which both countries are abundant with, which enables them to define, develop and supply international market with attractive product palette of special tourism services. Natural and economic resources of special interest tourism in Istrian Regoin and Kolubara District Istrian Region by its geographic and natural landmarks has significant advantage, amongst others, in development of special interest tourism. This is justified by numerous data that evidence Istrian precedence in degree of quality supply, as well as the visit, when it comes to tourism in general. To comprehend completely essential vantages for tourism development of special interest places, parallel review of basic characteristics of each region is given, Istrian Region and Kolubara District, that also disposes with numerous natural attributes and potential possibilities. Additional assurance of special interest tourism prosperity on both locations, what can be seen from previous table is attractive relief that includes water areas, mountains, numerous gouges, caves and other. Segments of product Starting with a fact that special interest product is compounded of large number of market niches, the easiest way to segregate it is following: Mild or soft activities that include camping, hiking, bike riding, rafting, 44 driving, in-nature activities, horse riding, fishing, etc. Some of these activities, for example animal chase are being largely commercialized in Istria and Serbia, while some are being included in maps and catalogues of specialized operators, more in Istria then in Kolubara District. It is good to keep in mind that particular niches of special interest products, can represent an included part of product group Mountains and Lakes as additional activities while vacationing. Rich offer of activities represents a base for development of these products throughout the year, not only during high season. Rough or hard activities, that refer to canoeing or kayaking down river streams, exploring canyons, caves, mountain biking, cross country skiing, alpinism, free climbing, paragliding, jeep safari and similar. All of these activities, can in long-term, be presented as independent product on the market, particularly because their organization and popularization need more investment in promotion, standard formation and similar. Cultural resources activities, gastro interests, monastery tours, places of importance heritage tours, archeological journeys and similar. Market special interest products ought to be introduced to domestic market, as well as to foreign emissive markets of special interest like Germany, Great Britain, France, Netherlands, Italy etc. Competitive strategy of special interest tourism development in Serbia Taking into consideration complexity of the product, it is hard to determine unique developmental strategy. Each creative and professional destination, with its management on behalf, will determine its own competitive strategy. Regarding that Serbia is taking smaller steps in tourism supply and in its representation on foreign markets, in comparison to Istria, it must specially focus on these production segments which accompanied with reasonable prices and low costs make its biggest potential. On the other hand, Serbia must directly approach communication among its strategic benefits in special interest product, even more because of the fact that these products development and their international popularization do not require large financial investment. Although the special interest product is of mostly seasonal character, vast resource base provides Serbia with possibility of organizing activities in this domain, throughout the year. Aiming for faster popularization of special interest product, needed is to stimulate development of destination management companies, who have programs for preparation and development of different product segments. Special interest product are usually promoted by specialized brochures of foreign tour-operators, presentations on specialized fairs and especially by direct marketing and internet. To enhance international promotion of this product in Serbia, special internet platform should be established, connected to powerful international internet providers. Accommodation facilities are essential and characteristic features of tourism area, which implies that their space and quality in significant part determine range of tourism circulation; their types, forms and quality directly affect types and forms of tourism and therefore tourisms economy effects. In continental Istria possibilities of hotel, camp, private accommodation and family agricultural households prevail. In Kolubara District domestic country tourism is developed, which could contribute to tourism development of that particular part of Serbia in total, but its still being conducted slowly and poorly organized. Models of development Considering special interest product as mainly reposing on natural resources preservation, both in Istrian Region and Kolubara District, there is a big chance for this product to develop, define itself and offer itself to international market. Special interest product can in medium term develop on low cost strategy, with small investments and reasonable prices, considering wealth of resources. In medium and long term, Serbia must raise general competitiveness level in field of infrastructure development, particularly road accessibility, which open numerous opportunities for special interests products development, what characterizes majority of even vaguely developed tourist countries. Besides, both regions have traditional and cultural heritage and conditions that facilitates them to attract tourists interest, what enables tourists to, while on vacation, use their leisure time to get to know the people and surroundings, where they temporarily reside in (to see the museums, galleries, special collections and similar). Cultural manifestations also have strong ability to attract tourists, supplying with enrichment of contents, higher value to an area or a place and enable higher cost budget. Naturally, high emphasis is put on distinguished conditions for rural tourism development in agro-tourism oasis of Istria and Kolubara. Global market potential of special interest product significantly overcomes possibilities of Serbia and Istria to develop and popularize this product, exceptionally in short and medium term. Therefore, intensifying global communication of this product by mediation with present global internet portals is of great importance. Simultaneously, creation of sales orientated internet portal and other common steps of advanced popularization with preceding unification of special interest product leading organizations. Conclusion Development and popularization of special interests do not require high investment. Therefore, the emphasis is on management of activities that are much less favored in Istrian Region and Kolubara District. Following this context, developmental model of this product should be based on following activities: Location of coordination responsibility for development and popularization of special interest product, especially because of large number of small individual organizations activities (for example fishing and animal chase) lacking in joint effort for serious popularization, on behalf of the region or whole country. Identification and creation of unique data base of activity organizations and special interest supply. Creation of greatest worlds tour-operators data base in field of special interests. Support and financial stimulation for private personae when forming new companies for destination management. Additional regulation of activities description for these companies, that make the most important link in chain of product value. Drawing initiative for general preservation and sustainable development of mountains, rivers and lakes, together with successive formation of infrastructure favorable for special interests development. Program of incorporation of specialized and scientific workers and education of tourist guides for various cultural and scientific contents in field of this product. Formation of special quality systems in field of special interest products. Seminary organization by qualified companies in all tourism clusters. Organization of special tours for those engaged in this field. Support of specialized magazines and publication launching in this field. Educational program for specialized guides Consumer protection program and other competitiveness programs in general. References DFV, Nachhaltige Entwicklung: Tourismus und Umwelt, 2008 Hamovic, V. „Quality of service and consumer protection in tourism, Besjeda, Banja Luka,RS, 2004 Horner, S., Swarbrook, J. International cases in tourism management, Elsevier, London, England, 2004 htt://www.wttc.org/reports/wttc99ver1.3doc Kripendorf, J. „Traveling Mankind, Zavod za istraÃ…Â ¾ivanje trÃ…Â ¾iÃ… ¡ta, Zagreb, Croatia, 1986 Ph. Kotler, Keller K. Marketing management, Data status, Belgrade, Serbia, 2006; Weaver, D., Lawton, L. „Tourism mangement, Data status, Belgrade, Serbia, 2008; Strategija razvoja turizma Srbije do 2015.godine; MagaÃ… ¡, D., „Management in touris organization and destinations, Adamic, Rijeka, Croatia, 2003; MaruÃ… ¡ic, M., PrebeÃ…Â ¾ac, D. „Tourist market research, ADECO, Zagreb, Croatia, 2004; BuleÃ… ¡ic, E. „Rural tourism in Istria, University in Rijeka, Business department Pula, Croatia, 2004. Golja, S. „Opportunities for tourism development in rural area of Istrian Region University in Rijeka, Business department Pula, 2008. This article represents a part of the Project no. 149007 D research results Multifunctional Agriculture and Rural Development Aimed at EU Integration of Serbia, financed by the Serbian Ministry of Science and and project Competitiveness and Comparative sustainable rural development of Istra and Kolubara region, within the program of scientific-technical cooperation of R.Serbia and R.Croatia. Both projects are financed by the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia.

Essay on Elizabeths Strength of Character in Pride and Prejudice

Elizabeth's Strength of Character in Pride and Prejudice  Ã‚        Ã‚   In her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen used the character of Elizabeth Bennet to epitomize the harmonious balance between reason and emotion in a woman, making her a truly admirable and attractive character.    Elizabeth's strength of character is emphasized by its contrast with the weak, naive acceptance of Jane's, the instability and excess of Mrs. Bennet's and the blind, weak-willed following of Kitty's. Her strength is also shown in her rejections of the proposals of Mr. Collins and Darcy. Unlike her mother, she does not base her choice of lovers on the financial security they will give her, and has the strength to reject them. This is especially evident in her rejection of Darcy's initial proposal, when she displays a passionate strength in her anger due to her belief that he has willfully prevented Jane and Bingley's marriage and wronged Wickham by refusing to grant him the property that the old Mr. Darcy bequeathed him. In both cases, the suitor is self-assured that his suit will be accepted, and as a result Elizabeth's rejections are amplified by the size of the blows that their egos receive. In Rosings, she does not let Lady Catherine tyrannize her as "the mere satellites of money and rank, she thought she could witness without trepidation." The Lucases and Collinses are submissive to Lady Catherine, with Maria being "frightened almost out of her senses", and it is probable that society as a whole behaves likewise, as Elizabeth suspects she is "the first creature who had ever dared to trifle with such dignified impertinence". She is again presented as a rebel against ideas of class when Lady Catherine pays a visit to her to ensure that ... ...Chrie, D., (ed.), Nineteenth Century Literature Criticism. Detroit, MI: Gale Research Company, 1986. Vo. 13, pp. 53-111. Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Airmont Books, 1962. "Jane Austen, " Discovering Authors' Modules, http://galenet.gale.com/a/acp/netacgi/nph-brs?d=DAMA&s1=bio&s2=Austen,+Jane&1=50&pg1=DT&pg2=NM&p=1& Moler, Kenneth. Pride and Prejudice: A Study in Artistic Economy. Boston, MA: Twayne Publishers, 1989. "Novels: 'Pride and Prejudice.'" in The British Critic. Vol. XLI, Feb., 1813: 189-90. Southam, B.C., (ed.), Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage. Landon, NY: Routledge & Kegan Paul - Barres & Nobel Inc., 1968. Weldon, Fay. From Letters to Alice: On First Reading Jane Austen. Taplinger Publishing Co. Inc, 1984 in Readings on Jane Austen. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Green Haven Press, 1997: 34-41.   

Clinometer

Clinometer (forestry) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search A clinometer used in forestry The clinometer, known in many fields as an inclinometer, is a common tool used in forestry to measure slope, vertical angles, and – in combination with distance measurements – elevation change or tree heights. How it works A forester using a clinometer makes use of basic trigonometry. First the observer measures a straight-line distance D from some observation point O to the object. Then, using the clinometer, the observer measures the angle a between O and the top of the object.Then the observer does the same for the angle b between O and the bottom of the object. Multiplying D by the tangent of a gives the height of the object above the observer, and by the tangent of b the depth of the object below the observer. Adding the two of course gives the total height (H) of the object, in the same units as D. [1] Note that since multiplication is distributive it is equally valid to add the tangents of the angles and then multiply them by D: A = tan a B = tan b H = (A ? D) + (B ? D) = (A + B) ? D Note also that both angles should be positive numbers (i. . ignore any minus sign on the clinometer's scale). Units of measure There are typically three different units of measure that can be marked on a clinometer: degrees, percent, and topo. When buying a clinometer it is important to make sure it is calibrated to units suitable for the intended use.Tree height measurement Tree height measurement The forester stands at a fixed distance from the base of the tree. The most common distances in the United States are 50  feet (15. 24 m), 66  feet (20. 12 m), and 100  feet (30. 48 m). 2] To obtain accurate readings it is best to use taped measured distance instead of paced distances. For the most accurate readings it is best to use a distance that is not less than the height of the tree being measured. [3], that is, that the clinometer will me asure an angle less than 45 ° (100%). The observer sights to the top of tree, if total height is the desired measurement. If the desired measurement is merchantable height – that is, the height producing timber that can be sold – the observer sights to a point on the tree above which no more merchantable timber is found.The observer then measures to the bottom of the tree, takes the tangents and multiples them by the distance, and adds the two figures together. This will be the height of the tree. The observer must always measure a leaning tree so that the tree is leaning to the left or right. Measurements should never be taken with the tree leaning toward or away from the observer because this will affect their accuracy because of foreshortening. Slope measurement Measuring slope with a clinometerThe clinometer is also commonly used by foresters to obtain the percent slope of terrain. This measurement is based on the same trigonometric principles described above. Sl ope measurements, however, require that both observer and target be a constant height above the ground; thus a range pole or height of measurement (HI) stick is often used in slope measurements. The Clinometer The clinometer is an optical device for measuring elevation angles above horizontal. The most common instruments of this type currently used are compass-clinometers from Suunto or Silva.Compass clinometers are fundamentally just magnetic compasses held with their plane vertical so that a plummet or its equivalent can point to the elevation of the sight line. A better clinometer (I believe) is the Abney hand spirit level or clinometer, where the object sighted and the level bubble can be seen simultaneously, so that the index can be set accurately. An Abney clinometer is shown in the photograph. A spirit level is so-called because it contains alcohol in a tube of large radius, in which the bubble moves to the highest point.Spirit levels are used for accurate surveying, although automatic levels that go back to the principle of the plummet are now frequently found, and are easy to use. The Abney clinometer has a sighting tube with an angle scale reading from -90 ° to +90 °, and a spirit level with a Vernier index that can be moved along the scale while the user looks through the sighting tube. A small mirror and lens makes the level bubble visible in the field of view. When the object is aligned with the crosshair in the sighting tube, the spirit level is rotated so that the bubble is bisected by the crosshair, as illustrated in the diagram.Then, the elevation of the line of sight can be read off on the scale. The Vernier can be read to 10†², but it requires a magnifier to do this. The clinometer can read easily and accurately angles of elevation that would be very difficult to measure in any other simple and inexpensive way. A fairly common use of a clinometer is to measure the height of trees, which is easily done. A point should be marked with a stake as far from the centre of the trunk of the tree as its estimated height, so that the elevation angle is about 45 °, which gives the best â€Å"geometry. This distance D is measured with a tape. The observer then stands over the stake and sights the top of the tree, finding its elevation angle ?. The height H of the tree is then H = D tan ? + HI, where HI, the height of instrument, is the height of the observer's eye. All this is illustrated in the diagram. A useful accessory is a levelling rod, which can be home-made at little expense. Since the clinometer has no powerful telescope, the reading of the rod must be evident from a distance if you use it as a self-reading rod.Alternatively, if you have a rodperson, she can stand by the rod and move a finger or other marker up and down in response to your signals, then measure the distance with a tape. A self-reading rod can be made from a 1†³ x 4†³ x 10†² choice pine board available at Home Depot. A bold patter n that can be estimated to a few centimetres can then be applied by stencil and matte black spray paint. Two examples are shown at the right. Colors can also be used to make distinctions. The determination of the difference in elevation of two points is called levelling, and can be carried out with the clinometer set at 0 °.The place where you stand with the level is called a turning point, TP. Your rodperson holds the rod on the first point, and you make a backsight, BS, by reading the rod. The reading is the HI above the first point. Now the rod is held on the second point, and a foresight, FS, is taken. Foresights and backsights should be roughly equal in distance. The difference in elevation of the two points is BS – FS. This procedure is illustrated at the left. If both points cannot conveniently be viewed from one TP, a chain of turning points is used, with an intermediate elevation between each one.The difference in elevation is the sum of the backsights less the sum of the foresights. If the sights are short, such as those that are practical with the clinometer, the curvature of the earth will be taken into account automatically. Clinometer Clinometers are measuring devices that may be used in several different professions. Also known as an inclinometer, the essential function of the device is to determine accurate measurements as they relate to sloping, height and distance.The clinometer is often used in the profession of meteorology, as well as in forestry and surveying. One of the most common applications of the clinometer has to do with measuring angles as they relate to the slope of natural formations or buildings and other human construction projects. The idea is to measure the angle with an eye toward identifying any amount of slope, with respect to the gravity that is involved. The clinometer may be used to measure both inclines and declines, based on the perspective of the individual calculating the measurements.

Ideological Film Analysis Essays

Ideological Film Analysis Essays Ideological Film Analysis Essay Ideological Film Analysis Essay Social inequality and unfairness are rampant instances that can be depicted on the position quo. These really act as culprits of intractable offenses in our societal surroundings. These are so the catalyze for the spread pf catching disease in the society- -disparity. And even in the game of love. these have been proven to be the barrier that creates a greater disparity among the societal positions of our society. From the movie entitled Wedding Crashers. the above-named scenario was clearly exemplified. Having the fact that the two cats. who act as the nuptials unwelcome guests. are common mans and the household of the misss they are eying for belong to the alta sociedad. the difference between the two becomes seeable. When the two nuptials unwelcome guests clashed with the girl of a household under the spell of political kingdom. the two different universes coincide portraying the different scenarios that genuinely go on in the society. The narrative is fundamentally about a brace of friends who work in a jurisprudence house and were involved in assorted instances sing divorce. This experience made them recognize what nuptials can merely convey to them and making serious about it is non their program. Therefore. the avocation of being marrying unwelcome guests become the result of their day-to-day experience and scoring maid of honors turn out to be a norm in their life. Until one twenty-four hours the spouses in offense ( Jeremy Klein and John Beckwith ) bumped into the world that non all of what they are making will merely take them to a laugh-out-loud experience and eternal rhythm of scoring adult females. The amusing life they ever anticipate turns out to be a large pandemonium that both of them do non cognize how to give solution into it. Never did they conceive of that a incorrect party they will oppress into will come along their manner and do them make up ones mind to halt eventually what they have planned and done habitually. The quandary comes in when they crashed into the marrying party of the girl of the Nation’s Secretary of Treasury and eventually fell in love with two of its sisters. Gloria ad Claire Cleary- a primary regulation they should neer interrupt but necessarily did. Belonging to the different faces of the society with different category position. political political orientation. sociological background an 500 points of position they are believing into. the the spouses in offense necessitate to make up ones mind whether or non they should still contend for the what they think is right or for what everyone else dictates them to be right. Taking into consideration their routinary life of cashing into the the nuptials. seducing and chat uping with whoever misss will be attracted to their machismo. now being crucially involved in a household dominated by political kingdom. the best of friends have to do a pick whether to turn their dorsum to what their past life brings them and eventually encompass a new life cheapness is perfectly different from the 1 they get used to because of love. But small did they know that the yesteryear they are seeking to get away from will be the hinderance that will endanger their manner towards prosecuting their love. The movie conveys the societal surroundings we are into: the art of seduction. the different societal strata. the effective influence of household upbringing and orientation. the quandary between earnestness. mere attractive force and field sex. and the equivocal disparity among working categories under the influence of political relations. The movie may portray a amusing scenario that we do encounter in our day-to-day life. But that is merely on the superficial portion. What we do non see is the deepness of the issues behind all of the laughters and amusing scenes. What we do non pay attending with is really what we need to analyse in the film. And what we do non hear after the gags being cracked and humourous lined being delivered is the true orientation of the disparity in the society. Appearance must non be regarded as the exclusive world. Not all we perceive as humourous in the superficial portion will still be consistent with that of the inside informations we have non encounter yet. True. the film is amusing! To crash into a nuptials merely to score adult females might look merely like an ordinary scene in the society. But to crash into a nuptials of a high-toned household belonging to a celebrated political icon and fell in love necessarily to its girl is another narrative. The disparity in the society sneakily reeks everyplace. And an effectual Panacea for this malady merely lies in our rational judgement and making off from the superficial word picture of the world. And of class. non merely mere comprehending that humourous thing can non meet a quandary brought by the societal unfairness.

Community Development Workers Face

Community Development Workers Face Community development (CD) can be defined as the empowerment of members of a community. This empowerment is tailored to ensure that the members of the community are not only willing, but also able to make good decisions about their lives. Community development is relevant in any country, regardless of whether the country is a developing country or an already developed country.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Community Development Workers Face specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although term community development is mainly used to refer to the economic empowerment of a community, this is not all community development is about. CD is not only meant for economic related concepts, but also for other life concepts that are of concern. It could revolve around education, politics, and health among other things. There are very many people who work as community development workers. They include civil servants, teachers, and tho se working in non- governmental organizations that deal with community development. In as much as these and other community development workers work to make the community self sufficient, there are very many challenges, tensions, and dilemmas that get in their way. The community development workers have to be good at what they do, despite all these challenges. A community development worker is supposed to be well trained in order to do his or her work accordingly. A CD worker is also supposed to be organized, a good facilitator, a good public speaker, able to work in teams, and a good problem solver. There are, however, very many challenges that make community development workers unable to be the best that they can be. Some of these challenges are personal while others affect every community development worker regardless of the region they are located. The most common personal dilemmas that the community development workers face revolve around individual ethics. The other problems t hat CD workers face revolve around governments, funding, and social problems among other issues (Hoggett, Mayo, Miller, 2008, p. 34). One of the biggest challenges that make the community development worker’s work difficult is shallow training. There are many universities and colleges that offer community development as a course, yet most of their students cannot solve some of the common problems in their respective societies. The Kenyan society has had its share of community development projects. The country is categorized as a developing country in Africa. However, there are very many members of this country who do not know how to make fulfilling decisions. This is mainly visible in matters that concern finances. Very many of the elderly in the community are illiterate and they cannot make decisions concerning education and health.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This presents a huge challenge to the community development workers in the country. CD workers are unable to have satisfactory conversations and projects with some of the members of the community due to language barriers among other barriers. The students who have taken the course in schools have also not been well trained. The school curriculum is not sufficient for the societal problems that Kenya and other developing countries face. It is possible to find that the students taking CD courses use case studies that were relevant more than a decade ago. The students should be encouraged to use recent case studies even though the lessons of the past might be useful in solving some of the problems today. This will not only ensure that students can think on their feet, but it will also ensure that the solutions that they come up with in the future for the societal problems will be relevant. Failure to ensure that the students keep relevant can lead to low standards among community devel opment workers. Another challenge that the community development workers in many areas face is culture. There are various types of cultures that an individual can have. For example, an individual can have the culture that they were born in. One could be an Asian, thereby possessing the Asian culture. There are also cultures that one adopts as they socialize in life. Workmates in the same company have a certain work culture that might be different from the work culture of the members of another company. The cultures that are adopted through the process of socialization shape the personalities, attitudes, and beliefs of the individual in question. Some of the cultures that members of the community have made it impossible for the community development workers to do their job sufficiently. For example, one of the commonest cultures in the Latina community is that in a restaurant, the waiter should give the client the bill only after the client has asked for it. Giving the client the bil l before they ask for it is considered rude and unacceptable. This has put the Latinos in awkward positions with other cultures, especially the white people who do not agree with the practice.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Community Development Workers Face specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In relation to community development, it is possible to find that many restaurant owners believe that people from the Latino community are not good customers because they are known to run away without paying their bills. The other communities, therefore, shun the Latinos, thereby making it impossible for the community development workers work with them. The community development workers also get little support for their projects. There are governments that do not allow some types of community development projects. For example, the Gladstones Philip Street social services hub in Australia has had a hard time getting the required funding from the federal government. The project involves child care, retirement, and entertainment concepts that were to be set up in the region. All the facilities that were to be included in the project were for the benefit of the community. However, the politics and the ethics of the federal government did not allow this project to go through. This is just one example of some of the community development projects that have been rejected by governments over the years. Many of the governments have claimed that the projects that were rejected were either irrelevant or very expensive. This denied them the desired support. There are also projects that have been approved by governments but have never been implemented. These include the projects that are implemented slowly and for very many years. Such projects waste time and do not help the community in any way. This shows that the community development worker who was involved in the creation of a concept that was supposed to be helpf ul to the community did his/her part of the work had no impact on changing of the community for the better. This, in turn, means that the community involved will still be lagging behind in some aspects. For example, the Clean Development Mechanism project that is designed to help in the conservation of the environment has met one challenge after the other. This is a project that is to be implemented in very many countries that formed the treaty.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is no one country that has achieved the full goals of this project up to today. Other countries that are also included in this treaty have not done anything toward the implementation of the treaty. The governments of these countries can be blamed for this. Politics and politicians can also present a big challenge to the community development workers. Politics can do this by refusing grants that are forwarded to fund such developments. They also present challenges by linking all the community development projects to politics. This becomes a disadvantage to the community development worker as some members of the community might not be comfortable with the project. This is mainly true in the areas that did not vote for the government in power. The bitterness that the members of the specific community might have toward the government might make them refuse any kind of community development project supported by the government. It is true that all community development projects rely on the members of the community. The project is seen as a failure if members of the community refuse to participate in the project for any reason whatsoever. The formulation of policies for the community development projects also presents several challenges. In most countries, community development projects are usually funded by non-governmental organizations and the government itself. It is very difficult to find individuals funding entire community development projects. The sponsors usually want the projects to be finished as quickly as possible since they have very little to gain from the community development project. This might mean overlooking some of the important aspects that might make a huge difference. This, in turn, leads to short term results. The community might get the knowledge that was being passed, but forget the lessons after a short while. This takes the entire community one step backwards. Such projects are usually beneficial to the sponsors who want to create a better image of themselves to the public. It has also been evident that the rate of change in general in the world is greater than that of community development policies. This means that the world is changing at a very fast rate such that community development workers have a hard time catching up. For instance, the policies that were used last year to solve the problems of a community are not applicable this year to solve the problems of the same community. This might be due to different factors. For example, new challenges might have arisen, making the specific policy that was used a year ago useless. It is also possible that the technological advancements that are experienced in the world play a major role in the failure of community development workers. These technological advancements have created new problems that CD workers have to address on a daily basis. Another dilemma that the community development workers face is intertwining and connecting social factors. In this day and age, there are very many factors in the community that are related. This means that changing one factor might affect other factors directly or indirectly and the results can be good or bad. The community development worker has to ensure that the factors that will be affected by the change they are advocating for are not depended upon by the community in question (Brake Deller, 2008, p. 94). For example, the issue of street urchins has been among the hotly debated topics in many developing and developed countries. Many of the projects that have been put up to ensure the removal of children from the streets have proven futile. Most of the developing countries have tried putting street teenagers and kids in school and children’s homes. However, many of the street urchins are unable to stay in school and in the homes. They, therefore, run away. The factors that revolve around this issue of street urchins include socialization and culture. Many parents do not feel safe when t heir children interact with street urchins. This gives the street urchins a very hard time at school. Sadly, very few people in the community want to be associated with street urchins. These, among other factors, have made the community development projects related to improving the lives of the street urchins difficult, if not impossible. In the same breath, building of rehab centres in the cities has led to an increase in the number of people abusing drugs. This might not have been the intention of the community development workers who advocated for the rehab centres. In this scenario building of the rehab centres affects another social factor by increasing the number of people who abuse drugs. There are also the ethical challenges and dilemmas that the community development worker faces. These ethical challenges also affect the work quality of the community development worker in question. Respect is one of the most conflicting factors in community development. Most community devel opment workers interact with the members of the community closely. CD workers are supposed to respect the views and opinions of the individuals that they interact with. However, there are some times when the individual themselves might be rude toward the community development worker. This puts the worker in a bad position since they are not supposed to argue with the people they are interacting, despite feeling hurt and probably wanting to become defensive (Hoggett, Mayo, Miller, 2008, p. 34). Another ethical dilemma that any community development worker faces is not being in agreement with the project at hand. For example, an individual might not be comfortable teaching the public about reproductive health because they are shy, or their culture does not allow such discussions. However, the CD worker will have to do the project if they are in need of work. Unfortunately, the fact that they are not comfortable with the work might affect the end results of the project. There are also some sponsors who engage in community development for other reasons apart from helping the society. Many governments have experienced this problem. Some of the decisions that the government makes are not only to help the citizens of the specific country, but also to benefit them individually. For example, projects that involve the construction of dams, wells, and schools among other facilities can be awarded to personal friends of the government. Even though this problem does not affect the community directly, it is an ethical dilemma for the community development worker and might affect their desire to do the project. Conclusion There are very many challenges that the community development worker has to overcome in order to do their job accordingly. Many of the problems that have been discussed are brought about by governments and the society. The problems that the community development worker faces due to personal attitude, beliefs, and culture are very minimal. Despite these cha llenges and dilemmas, the community development worker is expected to be a good facilitator and problem-solver. One thing that is clear is that the work of the community development workers will be reduced to identifying problems in the society and not being able to solve them if the problems the CD workers face are not addressed exhaustively. Reference List Brake, R Deller, U 2008, Community development: A European challenge, Barbra Budrich Publishers, Stauffenbergstr, Germany Hoggett, P, Mayo, M, Miller, C 2008, The dilemmas of development work: Ethical challenges in regeneration, The Policy Press, Bristol, UK

Adding Value through Diversity Management, Ethical Behaviours, and Assignment

Adding Value through Diversity Management, Ethical Behaviours, and Organisational Commitment - Assignment Example According to the discussion  employee resourcing is defined in various ways, including what it is basically composed of, what it should be, and what it actually is. Armstrong provided a straightforward definition of the role of resourcing in supporting company operations and objectives: â€Å"Resourcing is what organisations do to ensure they have the people they need.† Employee resourcing includes recruitment, selection, and retention strategies.This paper stresses that  employee resourcing can improve performance through adopting diversity management strategies. From recruiting to hiring, a diversity management perspective allows HR to look for and hire from as varied pools of applicants as possible. This relates to Equal Opportunity principle, where biases and discrimination are removed from HR policies and practices. Wilson gave the UK National Health Service as an illustration of international diversity management. She stressed that the NHS is â€Å"largest single em ployer within the UK, employing over a million people – 5 percent of the working population – in numerous careers. The NHS reaps the benefits of tapping competent and experienced people from all over the world, while migrant workers gain helpful education and experience. Benefits flow both ways for the NHS case. Furthermore, selecting diverse people enhances creativity. Google is known for its diversity management in hiring and selecting people.

Modelling Unknown System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Modelling Unknown System - Essay Example Finite impulse response filters known as Finite Impulse Response are fed forward or nonrecursive filters, which are stable since they have no feedback. Finite impulse response filters can have linear phase characteristic unlike the IIR making them a stable form of filter. However, these filters are not always the desired choice that is why they are facing out on the market. LMS is one of the two basic algorithms in the area of adaptive filtering; however, these algorithms in their simplest forms suffer from several drawbacks and limitations [4]. The convergence of LMS filters is flawed by two main problems: the spread of the eigenvalue correlation matrix of the input signal and the coupling between modes of convergence. Eigenvalue spread results in nonuniform speed of convergence for the filter values; mode coupling results in nonmonotonic trajectories toward convergence of coefficients of filter and in eigenvalue propagation of the disparity effects between the various modes. This l eads to irrecoverable instability problems in the finite impulse response filters. In order to improve on the normal LMS algorithm, alternative adaptive structures like the LMS lattice and the LMS frequency-domain are designed for mode coupling counteraction, though at the price of a greater non adjustment. Pre-whitening filters are proposed applications in system identification and time-delay estimation to reduce the eigenvalue spread consequences [4]. Yule-Walker equations and its mathematics as applied to solving the various problems. The equation is applied in the estimation of the autoregressive (AR) parameters of an observed AR process in time-series analysis, with varied applications that include: blind channel identification, speech analysis, signal detection, spectral estimation, adaptive filtering and speech coding. Yule-Walker equations are a classical tool for the estimation problem applied to autocorrelation [3]. When the driving noise is Gaussian, the estimate resultin g from solving the Yule-Walker equations with the correlations estimated coincides asymptotically. This occurs when the end effects are negligible with the maximum Likelihood (ML) estimate. This estimate is asymptotically unbiased and optimal in the sense of mean square estimation error, asymptotically attaining the Cram?er-Rao lower bound (CRLB) associated with it [3]. However, with non-Gaussian driven noise, the estimate resulting is no longer ML (maximum likelihood estimate) and may be far from the optimal. The derivation and computation of the ML estimate may then become computationally clumsy in some cases. For the case of a Gaussian-Mixture which is intractable, it is of interest, in such cases, to look for other, simpler estimates, which, although not optimal, may still offer significant improvement over the correlations based estimate [3]. Autocorrelation is the similarity between the observations and time of separation between signals. It is termed as the mathematical tool for determining repetitive patterns like periodic signals damped under noise. It is also used for locating and identifying the missing basic frequency in a signal implied by its harmonic frequencies, often used for processing of signals for analyzing functions [2]. Autocorrelation is used in processing of signal for evaluating the series of values and functions such as time domain signals. Autocorrelation