Prehistoric Saber-Toothed Cats

Ancient Saber-Toothed Cats In spite of the way theyve been depicted in motion pictures, saber-toothed felines werent simply large cats with colossal front teeth. The entire way of life of saber-toothed felines (and their nearby cousins, the scimitar-tooths, dirk-tooths and bogus saber tooths) rotated around utilizing their canines to wound and slaughter prey, regularly monster herbivorous well evolved creatures, yet in addition early primates and other enormous felines that are currently wiped out. Presently we have to get rid of two or three different misguided judgments. Initially, the most popular ancient feline, Smilodon, is regularly alluded to as the Saber-Toothed Tiger, yet the word tiger really alludes to a particular, present day family of enormous feline. All the more appropriately, Smilodon ought to be known as a saber-toothed feline, much the same as its enormous fanged peers of the Tertiary and Quaternary time frames. What's more, second, as so frequently occurs in nature, the saber-tooth head plan developed more than onceand not simply in felines, also observe underneath. Saber-Toothed Cats - True or False? The primary carnivores that could sensibly be depicted as saber-toothed were the nimravids, crude, dubiously feline like well evolved creatures that lived around 35 million years back, during the late Eocene age. As firmly identified with early hyenas as they were additionally early felines, nimravids werent in fact cats, however genera like Nimravus and Hoplophoneus (Greek for outfitted killer) despite everything flaunted some noteworthy canines. For specialized reasons (generally including the states of their inward ears), scientistss allude to nimravids as bogus saber tooths, a differentiation that has less rhyme or reason when you look at the skull of Eusmilus. The two front canines of this panther estimated nimravid were nearly as long as its whole skull, yet their slender, blade like structure puts this meat eater solidly in the dirk-toothed feline family (dirk being the old Scottish word for knife). Confusingly, even some crude cats are arranged as bogus saber-tooths. A genuine model is the appropriately named Dinofelis (awful feline), whose to some degree short, obtuse canines, however greater than those of any enormous feline alive today, dont merit its incorporation in the genuine saber-tooth camp. All things being equal, Dinofelis was a proceeding with danger to different warm blooded creatures of now is the ideal time, including the early primate Australopithecus (which may have figured on this felines supper menu). Rejection from the genuine saber-toothed felines bodes well on account of Thylacosmilus. This was a marsupial that brought its young up in pockets, kangaroo-style, instead of a placental vertebrate like its actual saber-toothed cousins. Amusingly, Thylacosmilus went wiped out around 2,000,000 years back when its South American living space was colonized by evident saber-tooths moving down from the North American fields. (A comparable sounding ruthless warm blooded animal from Australia, Thylacoleo, wasnt in fact a feline by any stretch of the imagination, however it was just as perilous.) Smilodon and Homotherium - Kings of the Saber-Toothed Smilodon (and no, its Greek name has nothing to do with the word grin) is the animal that individuals have as a main priority when they state saber-toothed tiger. This long-fanged meat eater was shorter, stockier and heavier than a run of the mill cutting edge lion, and it owes its notoriety to the way that a huge number of Smilodon skeletons have been angled out of the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles (its no big surprise that Hollywood has deified saber-toothed tigers in incalculable stone age man flicks). Despite the fact that Smilodon likely nibbled on the intermittent primate, the majority of its eating regimen comprised of the huge, slow herbivores swarming the fields of North and South America. Smilodon delighted in quite a while in the ancient sun, continuing from the Pliocene age to around 10,000 B.C., when early people chased the waning populace to elimination (or, conceivably, rendered Smilodon wiped out by chasing its prey to eradication!). The main other ancient feline to coordinate Smilodons achievement was Homotherium, which spread across more extensive wraps of an area (Eurasia and Africa, just as North and South America) and was maybe significantly progressively risky. Homotheriums canines were sleeker and more keen than those of Smilodon (which is the reason scientistss consider it a scimitar-toothed feline), and it had a slouched, hyena-like stance. (Homotherium may have taken after hyenas in another regard: theres proof that it chased in packs, a decent methodology for cutting down multi-ton Wooly Mammoths.) The Lifestyles of Saber-Toothed Cats As referenced over, the immense canines of saber-toothed felines (valid, bogus, or marsupial) existed for more than carefully decorative reasons. At whatever point nature develops a particular component on numerous occasions, you can be certain that it has a distinct purposeso the merged advancement of saber teeth in different sorts of carnivores focuses to a progressively utilitarian clarification. In view of ebb and flow inquire about, it appears that the biggest saber-toothed felines, (for example, Smilodon, Homotherium, and Thylocasmilus) jumped unexpectedly on their prey and delved in their canines - at that point pulled back to a sheltered separation as the heartbreaking creature meandered around and around and seeped to death. A portion of the proof for this conduct is carefully conditional (for instance, scientistss once in a while find severed saber teeth, a clue that these canines were a significant piece of the felines deadly implement). While some proof is more straightforward - skeletons of different creatures have been discovered bearing Smilodon or Homotherium-sized cut injuries. Researchers have likewise discovered that Smilodon had uncommonly amazing arms - which it used to hold down wriggling prey, in this way limiting the chance of severing those exceptionally significant saber teeth. Maybe the most astounding reality about saber-toothed felines is that they werent precisely speed-evil spirits. While present day cheetahs can hit top rates of 50 miles for each hour or somewhere in the vicinity (in any event for short blasts), the generally squat, strong legs and thick forms of the greater saber-toothed felines shows that they were astute trackers, bouncing on prey from the low parts of trees or executing short, brave jumps from the underbrush to delve in their dangerous teeth.

Nuclear Bomb

The development of atomic bomb has been one of the most huge occasions throughout the entire existence of mankind. It changed the direct of military fighting, yet in addition totally changed the geo-political condition by putting humanity’s level of control on its own future through coming possessing such omni intense implies that could clear out each type of life from earth for the time being. The recollections of the nuclear assault on the Hiroshima and Nagasaki have lived as a consistent token of the incomparable destruction that nuclear bombs can incur. These recollections are strengthened further by the rehashed occasions of atomic testing and examination into the creation of nuclear weapons that are considerably more remarkable and deadly in correlation of their antecedents. The compatibility of the examination into nuclear and atomic weapons, or the weapons of mass devastation, has made a profound ideological and political partition on the planet. From one viewpoint are individuals supporting atomic weapons, contending them as fundamental toolsâ to keep up possibilities of worldwide harmony and furthermore as intends to guarantee the wellbeing of countries having them. While on the opposite side are individuals, who see atomic weapons intrinsically as a danger to the endurance of humankind and battling for a world without dread and worries; for a universe of the post atomic age where the cloak of the danger of a looming fiasco is always lifted over. This paper will investigate the discussion on the atomic approach and importance of atomic weapons as a medium to guarantee worldwide harmony, while basically assessing the contentions introduced on both the sides. It will likewise investigate the possibilities of an atomic free world and the dreams such world involves for mankind. Building an atomic principle The discussion on the plausibility and utility of atomic weapons has seethed since the day the primary military utilization of atomic weapons was accounted for on sixth August, 2006â (Katz, 1987). The standard contention of the supporters of atomic teaching have fixated on the obstruction impact of the atomic weapons against any potential assault or danger of animosity (Franklin, 1991). One of the most as often as possible refered to model is that of pretended by atomic weapons in carrying a quick end to the Second World War, with least conceivable loss all the while (Graham, 2005). They legitimately contend that without the strikes, Japan would have kept on battling till the last man down, taking up the quantity of setbacks on the two sides just as war consumptions to huge levels (Franklin, 1991). From that point forward, the atomic regulation has been strictly fused in the protection system of each significant country, with massive writing made to refer to the totally need and certainty of atomic weapons as the main conceivably approach to guarantee worldwide harmony and a war free world (Franklin, 1991). Post the finish of the Cold War defenders of the atomic strategy have additionally contended the need of successful atomic approach, particularly in the perspective on the perils posted by spilling of atomic weapons in the hands of a portion of the non mindful countries (Graham, 2005). In any case, the teaching of atomic discouragement has been seriously charged by the pundits for its deficiencies and thin dreams that it take of nuance of world geo-governmental issues and the excessively shortsighted manner by which it treats the subject of prevention and worldwide harmony (Gottemoeller, 2002 ). Atomic arrangement and the race on working up atomic weapons store have been censured from moral, good, political, viable and key perspective over the greater part a century, particularly with regards to the advanced history of humankind that has been destroyed by unfathomable revulsions of wars and massacre in the twentieth century (Muller, 2004). Masterminds, savvy people and researchers and numerous military specialists have emphatically contended for an atomic free world, in view of the solid premises that harmony is difficult to accomplish from those apparatuses that have ability to totally demolish life (Cimbala and Scouras, 2002; Cortright, 1999). Their contention is convincing to reason as it is unexpected as an idea and hypothesis to accomplish harmony by obliteration. The main plausible path by which atomic weapons can bring harmony is through finished destruction of individuals, making a reality where no life would exists to struggle and contend. Indeed, even the historical backdrop of the post atomic world doesn't rouse any trust in the viability of atomic weapons as an obstruction (Graham, 2005). In over sixty years after the finish of Second World War, countless clashes and in any event three wars of universal extent, including countries outfitted with atomic force have gave a false representation of the hypothesis that atomic weapons can go about as any potential hindrance to wars (Cimbala and Scouras, 2002). It just makes a peril in heightening of dangers of atomic arm race, where countries without atomic weapons are attempting to have these desired methods for mass demolition, to make a universe of atomic shared implosion (Franklin, 2002). It’s a reality that innovation can not be constrained as a privilege to a set number of countries, as the this hazardous innovation spreads out, there are each potential possibilities that it very well may be used by sooner or later of time, by some untrustworthy and untouchable system to make a devastation of unrivaled extent (Muller, 2004). The hypothesis of atomic prevention likewise looses its believability even with ascent of psychological oppression as the new risk confronting the new world (Graham, 2005). Atomic prevention didn't go about as any hindrance to the assault on the World Trade Centers in 2001, or in London shelling in 2006. On the opposite they make another and unendingly increasingly incredible danger where conceivable multiplication of atomic weapons to fear based oppressor gatherings can imperil the whole idea of national protection techniques of numerous countries. End Atomic weapons can not go about as intends to accomplish worldwide harmony. They are weapons of mass pulverization, weapons that can execute hundred of thousands of individuals immediately, leveling civic establishments to clean, deserting demise and a scarred earth that would be inhabitable for some ages. This path of death can not be a harbinger of harmony. Worldwide harmony must be accomplished by precise finish of atomic arms stockpiles, and carefully forbidding the examination, testing and ownership of atomic weapons. Reference H. Bruce Franklin. 1991.The Nightmare Considered: Critical Essays on Nuclear War Literature.: Nancy Anisfield †supervisor. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. Bowling Green, OH. Gottemoeller. Rose. 2002. Strategic Nuclear Weapons: Time for Control. Taina Susiluoto †supervisor. Joined Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. Spot of Publication: Geneva. Milton S. Katz. 1987. Boycott the Bomb: A History of SANE, the Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy. Praeger. New York. Richard R. Muller. 2004. Getting Mad: A Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice. Henry D. Sokolski †supervisor. Vital Studies Institute. Carlisle Barracks, PA. Stephen J. Cimbala and Scouras, J.â 2002. A New Nuclear Century: Strategic Stability and Arms Control. Praeger. Westport, CT. Thomas Graham Jr. 2005. Sixty Years After Hiroshima, A Nuclear Era. Current History. Research Library Core. David Cortright. 1999. Boycott the Bomb. Sojourner. Humanities Module. Â

Keeping Your Landline Is it Worth it

Keeping Your Landline Is it Worth it Keeping Your Landline: Is it Worth it? Keeping Your Landline: Is it Worth it?Is the landline dead? Or is it a necessary extra expense that you should consider keeping around?You probably have limited means. Almost everyone has some limit on their means, after all. We acknowledge the possibility that you may be the billionaire founder of the world’s largest online shopping and shipping platform, but if that is the case, we find it unlikely that you would be reading this article, rather than deciding which supermarket chain you will be purchasing next.Given those aforementioned limits, you will likely spend a lot of time trying to figure out if various expenses are actually worth it. To help you navigate those decisions, we are introducing a new series: “Is It Worth It?”Today we will be looking at landlines and whether or not they are worth keeping around.The landline advantage: emergency coverageBefore we get into whether the cost of a landline is worth it in this day and age, it is also worth questioning whether the re is a benefit to even having a landline at all. What can a landline offer you that a cell phone cannot?“In a large emergency, such as a major storm, when so many people are using cell phones, it can actually cause service to be highly affected, with calls possibly not able to be placed,” warns Ami Bergman, chief operating officer of Fortified Estate, a residential security company. “Instead, having a landline allows for a fixed, easy-to-use, and dependable method of communication. Having [landline phones] in a few places in the house is not a bad idea either â€" even if you keep the ringer on mute, generally.”Depending on your cable or internet package, you may have a landline included in your monthly plan. If this is the case, it may not cost you anything to have a landline as part of your life, except for the cost of the phone itself. The superior call quality could also be an asset in your professional life.The landline disadvantage: the emergency failHowever, despite t he previously described benefits, it may still make sense to get rid of your landline altogether, just like Michelle Platt of My Purse Strings, who said her landline actually didn’t work for her when she had an emergency situation:“I lived in Hoboken, New Jersey during Hurricane Sandy, which was badly hit by the storm. I had an old-school landline plugged into the wall with a wire (not cordless). As soon as the storm hit, my landline did not work, but my cell phone did. Even if calls could not go through on my mobile phone, texts usually did. I charged my phone in the car or at pop-up charging stations throughout the city. While landlines probably have better reception overall, I still cant justify paying for an unnecessary expense.”Platt says since getting rid of her landline, she has not only saved on the cost associated with it (as a full-on cord cutter, she is saving hundreds of dollars per year thanks to getting rid of her cable and landline), but she is also earning back all the time and energy she used to spend dealing with it. “I never used my landline,” she said. “The only people ever to call on it were my mom and telemarketers. I had myself on do-not-call lists and even reported these numbers to the FCC website periodically. Since getting rid of my landline, the amount of telemarketing has drastically dropped.”A true cost-savingsWant a real twist? What about giving up your cell phone and only having a landline? It would not make sense in most cases, but might be worth considering if you are approaching retirement.Timothy Wiedman, a former personal finance instructor, has given up his cell phone in lieu of a landline. The cost is part of a package that’s bundled with his cable and internet, and runs him about $20 per month, which works for his personal needs. Even the fees on his bill only come to several cents per month â€" a big difference from the fees one usually sees on a cell phone bill.“Clearly, if folks are homebound quite a bit of the time and can get a great deal on a landline, highly taxed (and usually much more expensive) wireless plans make little economic sense,” Wiedman said. “By the way, when I am on vacation and traveling by car, I rely on OnStar to summon help should I ever need it.”Is another option worth it?If landlines are yesterday and cell phones are today, what is tomorrow? Here is one possibility:“The public telephone switched network (PTSN) is dying a very slow death,” says Reuben Yonatan, founder and CEO of GetVOIP, a company that helps customers compare Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services. VoIP is a cost-saving method for people who are able to use their internet services to make calls. “In some rare situations, such as an extremely rural location, it may be worth a small business or homeowner installing a landline. But, in most cases, PTSN is the way of the past.”Similar to those who streamline their landline service expense with their internet package, VoIP s ervices may allow you to do the same. So depending on if you need to integrate other types of internet-communications devices into your home, such as a fax machine, as Yonatan mentions, one type of plan may be better for you than the other. However, it is probably best to compare and contrast one service package to another to see which will allow you the best cost benefit.As with so many financial decisions, at the end of the day the right choice will depend on your specific circumstances. But we hope that when it comes to landlines, this article can help decide … is it worth it?

Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz Essay - 1631 Words

Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz (1807-1873) Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz was born in Motier, Switzerland on May 28, 1807. Born the son of a Protestant pastor, Louis Agassiz was raised in a religious environment but clearly possessed a deep interest in natural history and science. â€Å"I spent most of the time I could spare†¦in hunting the neighboring woods and meadows for birds, insects, and land and fresh water shells† (Lurie 9). Throughout his childhood and adolescence, his curiosities about nature and its origins drove him to become a prominent figure in natural history, zoology, and ichthyology. Louis Agassiz commenced his education in natural history at the universities of Zurich, Heidelberg, and Munich (Lurie x). After†¦show more content†¦In 1857, Contributions to the Natural History of the United States was published, of which the greater portion of volume one became Essay on Classification (Lurie introduction). In this text, Agassiz made comparisons between animals and their specific environments, theorized the relations between them, and proposed systems of zoological order. This work came at a time of significant discoveries as well as changes in biology. During these years other noteworthy biologists and comparative anatomists such as Huxley, Joseph Dalton Hooker, and Darwin were beginning to also assemble a framework for natural history (Lurie xxiii). Throughout Essay, Agassiz depicted clearly his standpoint as a supporter of special creationism. Chapter one of Essay on Classification examined the relations of animals to each other and their environments. The basis behind this work established the groundwork for his belief in evidence of a creator through the obvious design of creation in nature. Frequently exploring the immutability of species, Agassiz depicted the overall plan and structure of an organism to be more important than any variation that may occur in a species (Agassiz 19-20). In addition, he also addressed the question of how and when species appeared on earth. With his extensive background with the fossil record, he theorized, as seen in chapter 1, section VII, that every great type of

The Five Ways Information Will Be Shared Within The...

The three ways information will be shared within the university will include using Slack, having weekly webcasts, and also conducting once a month face-to-face meetings. Slack is an app that allows you to organize your team conversations in open channels that make it possible for everyone to have a view on what is going on. The weekly webcasts will be used because they are a way to touch base with the other people within the university and to make sure things are going according to plan. The monthly face-to-face meetings will also be vital because it will be used to talk about things at large and to discuss any issues that are harder to discuss over a digital platform. To ensure that all employees will be able to make these meetings,†¦show more content†¦In addition to having online resources, there will also be a location on the main campus that acts as a face-to-face resource to assist employees with the new procedures and help answer any questions they may have. Through the process of the following organizational change, leadership is essential. With leadership, comes communication, which in this case, is utilized to discuss potential problems and recommendations. â€Å"Leadership is first and foremost a communication process, or set of processes. Every leadership behavior is enacted through communication† (Witherspoon, 2004). Communication is necessary for Garden State University because there are different campuses and divisions. There is a main campus, as well as a northern campus 45 miles away and a southern campus located 60 miles away from the main campus. This makes communication difficult because it is not always possible for every faculty member to be in the same place. There is also two major divisions within Garden State University, this includes the Office of the Senior Vice President for academic Affairs and the Office of the Senior Vice President for Administration and Finance. Academic deans and directors, as well as ot her academic, student, and academic support functions report to the Office of the Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs. Budgeting, procurement, facilities, human resources, risk management, public safety,Show MoreRelatedMy Reasoning For Choosing Mark Zurkerberg867 Words   |  4 Pagessite called Facebook. Even though, he was not the first person to discover the idea of social networking he was one of the first people able to implement the idea and make it into reality. I found it interesting that he was able to find people who shared the same vision as he did and pull together the resources necessary to accomplish designing a social networking site that didn’t exclude people from joining. He was able to do this all before the age of 30 years old and as of May 13, 2016 he is estimatedRead MoreUsing Shared Group Work Tools683 Words   |  3 PagesHow People Use Shared Group work Tools: Shared group work tools can be described as any information processing initiatives involving coordinated activities of individuals separated in time and/or space and sharing their common information in the cloud. In the past few years, cloud sharing and storage group work tools have transformed the business world through providing convenient means that support the collaborative efforts of individuals regardless of their distance and time. The increased useRead MoreEssay on The Leadership Challenge1266 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizational development today is leadership. Leadership is what individuals do to mobilize other people in organizations and communities. According to Kouzes Posner, there are five practices and ten commitments of exemplary leadership. The five practices of exemplary leadership include: Model the way, inspire a shared vision, challenge the process, enable others to act, and encourage the heart. In the Leadership Challenge, Kouzes and Posner found similar patt erns and actions of leadership thatRead MoreIS 535 Essay991 Words   |  4 Pages finance and sales 3. (TCO B) The value chain model (Points : 10) categorizes five related advantages for adding value to a firms products or services. sees the supply chain as the primary activity for adding value. categorizes four basic strategies a firm can use to enhance its value chain. helps a firm identify points at which information technology can most effectively enhance its competitive position. 4. (TCO C) Which common databaseRead MoreManagement Information Systems ( Mis )1172 Words   |  5 PagesTop ranking universities with average GRE scores Management Information Systems (MIS) has become a rapidly sought-after specialization in the past few decades. But the roots, of this specialization, are definitely not that new. Let s say, even Chitragupta, the god of scribes, was practicing MIS while keeping track of the deeds of humans, you know, for purposes of creating a database for good and bad karma. So, as you might have guessed already, MIS has to do with managing information. Without goodRead MoreAcademic Integration Into Career Technical Education1152 Words   |  5 Pagesprograms at shared-time Career Technical Centers that lack teachers academically certified The constructivist paradigm emphasizes the importance of exploring how different stakeholders in a social setting construct their beliefs (Mertens, 2015). It also suggests that learners develop a theory and gain knowledge from their experiences; specifically, to understand a process or phenomenon (Mertens, 2015). 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Academic and scholarship policies, programs and requirements for new members, members and leaders Each chapter is required to maintain academic standards equal to or higher than the university or college all-sorority average. Therefore, the Kappa chapter at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville will be expected to meet or exceed a 3.13 GPA, the fall 2016 all-sorority average on your campus. We expect every member of our chapter to positively contribute to this average. Position Statement:

Maddy Yo Free Essays

string(45) " was one of the institute’s Governors\." Charles Lamb From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Charles Lamb (disambiguation). Charles Lamb| | Born| 10 February 1775 Inner Temple, London, England| Died| 27 December 1834 (aged  59) Edmonton, London, England| Cause  of death| Erysipelas| Known  for| Essays of Elia Tales from Shakespeare| Relatives| Mary Lamb (sister), John Lamb (brother)| Charles Lamb (10 February 1775 – 27 December 1834) was an English essayist, best known for his Essays of Elia and for the children’s book Tales from Shakespeare, which he produced with his sister, Mary Lamb (1764–1847). Lamb has been referred to by E. We will write a custom essay sample on Maddy Yo or any similar topic only for you Order Now V. Lucas, his principal biographer, as â€Å"the most lovable figure in English literature†. [1] Contents * 1 Youth and schooling * 2 Family tragedy * 3 Work * 4 Legacy * 5 Quotations * 6 Selected works * 7 Biographical references * 8 References * 9 External links| Youth and schooling Portrait plaque of Lamb sculpted by George Frampton Lamb was born in London, the son of Elizabeth Field and John Lamb. Lamb was the youngest child, with an 11 year older sister Mary, an even older brother John, and 4 other siblings who did not survive their infancy. John Lamb (father), who was a lawyer’s clerk, spent most of his professional life as the assistant and servant to a barrister by the name of Samuel Salt who lived in the Inner Temple in London. It was there in the Inner Temple in Crown Office Row that Charles Lamb was born and spent his youth. Lamb created a portrait of his father in his â€Å"Elia on the Old Benchers† under the name Lovel. Lamb’s older brother was too much his senior to be a youthful companion to the boy but his sister Mary, being born eleven years before him, was probably his closest playmate. Lamb was also cared for by his paternal aunt Hetty, who seems to have had a particular fondness for him. A number of writings by both Charles and Mary suggest that the conflict between Aunt Hetty and her sister-in-law created a certain degree of tension in the Lamb household. However, Charles speaks fondly of her and her presence in the house seems to have brought a great deal of comfort to him. Some of Lamb’s fondest childhood memories were of time spent with Mrs. Field, his maternal grandmother, who was for many years a servant to the Plummer family, who owned a large country house called Blakesware, near Widford, Hertfordshire. After the death of Mrs. Plummer, Lamb’s grandmother was in sole charge of the large home and, as Mr. Plummer was often absent, Charles had free rein of the place during his visits. A picture of these visits can be glimpsed in the Elia essay Blakesmoor in H—shire. â€Å"Why, every plank and panel of that house for me had magic in it. The tapestried bed-rooms – tapestry so much better than painting – not adorning merely, but peopling the wainscots – at which childhood ever and anon would steal a look, shifting its coverlid (replaced as quickly) to exercise its tender courage in a momentary eye-encounter with those stern bright visages, staring reciprocally – all Ovid on the walls, in colours vivider than his descriptions. â€Å"[2] Little is known about Charles’s life before the age of seven. We know that Mary taught him to read at a very early age and he read voraciously. It is believed that he suffered from smallpox during his early years which forced him into a long period of convalescence. After this period of recovery Lamb began to take lessons from Mrs. Reynolds, a woman who lived in the Temple and is believed to have been the former wife of a lawyer. Mrs. Reynolds must have been a sympathetic schoolmistress because Lamb maintained a relationship with her throughout his life and she is known to have attended dinner parties held by Mary and Charles in the 1820s. E. V. Lucas suggests that sometime in 1781 Charles left Mrs. Reynolds and began to study at the Academy of William Bird. [3] His time with William Bird did not last long, however, because by October 1782 Lamb was enrolled in Christ’s Hospital, a charity boarding school chartered by King Edward VI in 1552. Christ’s Hospital was a traditional English boarding school; bleak and full of violence. The headmaster, Mr. Boyer, has become famous for his teaching in Latin and Greek, but also for his brutality. A thorough record of Christ’s Hospital in Several essays by Lamb as well as the Autobiography of Leigh Hunt and the Biographia Literaria of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, with whom Charles developed a friendship that would last for their entire lives. Despite the brutality Lamb got along well at Christ’s Hospital, due in part, perhaps, to the fact that his home was not far distant thus enabling him, unlike many other boys, to return often to the safety of home. Years later, in his essay â€Å"Christ’s Hospital Five and Thirty Years Ago,† Lamb described these events, speaking of himself in the third person as â€Å"L. † â€Å"| â€Å"I remember L. t school; and can well recollect that he had some peculiar advantages, which I and other of his schoolfellows had not. His friends lived in town, and were near at hand; and he had the privilege of going to see them, almost as often as he wished, through some invidious distinction, which was denied to us. †[4]| †| Portrait of Charles Lamb by William Hazlitt, 1804 Christ’s Hospital was a typical English boarding school and many students later wrote of the terrible violence they suffered there. The upper master of the school from 1778 to 1799 was Reverend James Boyer, a man renowned for his unpredictable and capricious temper. In one famous story Boyer was said to have knocked one of Leigh Hunt’s teeth out by throwing a copy of Homer at him from across the room. Lamb seemed to have escaped much of this brutality, in part because of his amiable personality and in part because Samuel Salt, his father’s employer and Lamb’s sponsor at the school was one of the institute’s Governors. You read "Maddy Yo" in category "Essay examples" Charles Lamb suffered from a stutter and this â€Å"an inconquerable impediment† in his speech deprived him of Grecian status at Christ’s Hospital and thus disqualifying him for a clerical career. While Coleridge and other scholarly boys were able to go on to Cambridge, Lamb left school at fourteen and was forced to find a more prosaic career. For a short time he worked in the office of Joseph Paice, a London merchant and then, for 23 weeks, until 8 February 1792, held a small post in the Examiner’s Office of the South Sea House. Its subsequent downfall in a pyramid scheme after Lamb left would be contrasted to the company’s prosperity in the first Elia essay. On 5 April 1792 he went to work in the Accountant’s Office for British East India Company, the death of his father’s employer having ruined the family’s fortunes. Charles would continue to work there for 25 years, until his retirement with pension. In 1792 while tending to his grandmother, Mary Field, in Hertfordshire, Charles Lamb fell in love with a young woman named Ann Simmons. Although no epistolary record exists of the relationship between the two, Lamb seems to have spent years wooing Miss Simmons. The record of the love exists in several accounts of Lamb’s writing. Rosamund Gray is a story of a young man named Allen Clare who loves Rosamund Gray but their relationship comes to nothing because of the sudden death of Miss Gray. Miss Simmons also appears in several Elia essays under the name â€Å"Alice M. † The essays â€Å"Dream Children,† â€Å"New Year’s Eve,† and several others, speak of the many years that Lamb spent pursuing his love that ultimately failed. Miss Simmons eventually went on to marry a silversmith by the name of Bartram and Lamb called the failure of the affair his ‘great disappointment. ‘ Family tragedy Charles and his sister Mary both suffered periods of mental illness. Charles spent six weeks in a psychiatric hospital during 1795. He was, however, already making his name as a poet. On 22 September 1796, a terrible event occurred: Mary, â€Å"worn down to a state of extreme nervous misery by attention to needlework by day and to her mother at night,† was seized with acute mania and stabbed her mother to the heart with a table knife. Although there was no legal status of ‘insanity’ at the time, a jury returned a verdict of ‘Lunacy’ and therefore freed her from guilt of willful murder. With the help of friends Lamb succeeded in obtaining his sister’s release from what would otherwise have been lifelong imprisonment, on the condition that he take personal responsibility for her safekeeping. Lamb used a large part of his relatively meagre income to keep his beloved sister in a private ‘madhouse’ in Islington called Fisher House. The 1799 death of John Lamb was something of a relief to Charles because his father had been mentally incapacitated for a number of years since suffering a stroke. The death of his father also meant that Mary could come to live again with him in Pentonville, and in 1800 they set up a shared home at Mitre Court Buildings in the Temple, where they lived until 1809. Monument to Charles Lamb at Watch House on Giltspur Street, London. Despite Lamb’s bouts of melancholia and alcoholism, both he and his sister enjoyed an active and rich social life. Their London quarters became a kind of weekly salon for many of the most outstanding theatrical and literary figures of the day. Charles Lamb, having been to school with Samuel Coleridge, counted Coleridge as perhaps his closest, and certainly his oldest, friend. On his deathbed, Coleridge had a mourning ring sent to Lamb and his sister. Fortuitously, Lamb’s first publication was in 1796, when four sonnets by â€Å"Mr. Charles Lamb of the India House† appeared in Coleridge’s Poems on Various Subjects. In 1797 he contributed additional blank verse to the second edition, and met the Wordsworths, William and Dorothy, on his short summer holiday with Coleridge at Nether Stowey, thereby also striking up a lifelong friendship with William. In London, Lamb became familiar with a group of young writers who favoured political reform, including Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Hazlitt, and Leigh Hunt. Lamb continued to clerk for the East India Company and doubled as a writer in various genres, his tragedy, John Woodvil, being published in 1802. His farce, Mr H, was performed at Drury Lane in 1807, where it was roundly booed. In the same year, Tales from Shakespeare (Charles handled the tragedies; his sister Mary, the comedies) was published, and became a best seller for William Godwin’s â€Å"Children’s Library. † In 1819, at age 44, Lamb, who, because of family commitments, had never married, fell in love with an actress, Fanny Kelly, of Covent Garden, and proposed marriage. She refused him, and he died a bachelor. His collected essays, under the title Essays of Elia, were published in 1823 (â€Å"Elia† being the pen name Lamb used as a contributor to the London Magazine). A further collection was published ten years or so later, shortly before Lamb’s death. He died of a streptococcal infection, erysipelas, contracted from a minor graze on his face sustained after slipping in the street, on 27 December 1834, just a few months after Coleridge. He was 59. From 1833 till their deaths Charles and Mary lived at Bay Cottage, Church Street, Edmonton north of London (now part of the London Borough of Enfield. [5] Lamb is buried in All Saints’ Churchyard, Edmonton. His sister, who was ten years his senior, survived him for more than a dozen years. She is buried beside him. Work Lamb’s first publication was the inclusion of four sonnets in the Coleridge’s Poems on Various Subjects published in 1796 by Joseph Cottle. The sonnets were significantly influenced by the poems of Burns and the sonnets of William Bowles, a largely forgotten poet of the late 18th century. His poems garnered little attention and are seldom read today. Lamb’s contributions to the second edition of the Poems showed significant growth as a poet. These poems included The Tomb of Douglas and A Vision of Repentance. Because of a temporary fall-out with Coleridge, Lamb’s poems were to be excluded in the third edition of the Poems. As it turned out, a third edition never emerged. Instead, Coleridge’s next publication was the monumentally influential Lyrical Ballads co-published with Wordsworth. Lamb, on the other hand, published a book entitled Blank Verse with Charles Lloyd, the mentally unstable son of the founder of Lloyd’s Bank. Lamb’s most famous poem was written at this time entitled The Old Familiar Faces. Like most of Lamb’s poems it is particularly sentimental but it is still remembered and widely read, often included in Poetic Collections. Of particular interest to Lambarians is the opening verse of the original version of The Old Familiar Faces which is concerned with Lamb’s mother. It was a verse that Lamb chose to remove from the edition of his Collected Work published in 1818. I had a mother, but she died, and left me, Died prematurely in a day of horrors – All, all are gone, the old familiar faces. From a fairly young age Lamb desired to be a poet but never gained the success that he had hoped. Lamb lived under the poetic shadow of his friend Coleridge. In the final years of the 18th century Lamb began to work on prose with the novella entitled Rosamund Gray, a story of a young girl who was thought to be inspired by Ann Simmonds, with whom Charles Lamb was thought to be in love. Although the story is not particularly successful as a narrative because of Lamb’s poor sense of plot, it was well thought of by Lamb’s contemporaries and led Shelley to observe â€Å"what a lovely thing is Rosamund Gray! How much knowledge of the sweetest part of our nature in it! † (Quoted in Barnett, page 50) Charles and Mary Lamb’s grave Lamb’s cottage, Edmonton, London In the first years of the 19th century Lamb began his fruitful literary cooperation with his sister Mary. Together they wrote at least three books for William Godwin’s Juvenile Library. The most successful of these was of course Tales From Shakespeare which ran through two editions for Godwin and has now been published dozens of times in countless editions, many of them illustrated. Lamb also contributed a footnote to Shakespearean studies at this time with his essay â€Å"On the Tragedies of Shakespeare,† in which he argues that Shakespeare should be read rather than performed in order to gain the proper effect of his dramatic genius. Beside contributing to Shakespeare studies with his book Tales From Shakespeare, Lamb also contributed to the popularization of Shakespeare’s contemporaries with his book Specimens of the English Dramatic Poets Who Lived About the Time of Shakespeare. Although he did not write his first Elia essay until 1820, Lamb’s gradual perfection of the essay form for which he eventually became famous began as early 1802 in a series of open letters to Leigh Hunt’s Reflector. The most famous of these is called â€Å"The Londoner† in which Lamb famously derides the contemporary fascination with nature and the countryside. Legacy Anne Fadiman notes regretfully that Lamb is not widely read in modern times: â€Å"I do not understand why so few other readers are clamoring for his company†¦ [he] is kept alive largely through the tenuous resuscitations of university English departments. â€Å"[6] Lamb was honoured by The Latymer School, a grammar school in Edmonton, a suburb of London where he lived for a time; it has six houses, one of which, â€Å"Lamb†, is named after Charles. [7] Quotations * â€Å"Lawyers, I suppose, were children once. † — features in the preface of To Kill a Mockingbird. * â€Å"Man is a gaming animal. He must always be trying to get the better in something or other. — features in the Essays of Elia, 1823. Selected works * Blank Verse, poetry, 1798 * A Tale of Rosamund Gray, and old blind Margaret, 1798 * John Woodvil, poetic drama, 1802 * Tales from Shakespeare, 1807 * The Adventures of Ulysses, 1808 * Specimens of English Dramatic poets who lived about the time of Shakespeare, 1808 * On the Tragedies of Shakespeare, 1811 * Witches and Other Night Fears, 1821 * The Pawnbroker’s Daughter, 1825 * Eliana, 1867 * Essays of Elia, 1823 * The Last Essays of Elia, 1833 Biographical references * Life of Charles Lamb by E. V. Lucas, G. P. Putman Sons, London, 1905. * Charles Lamb and the Lloyds by E. V. Lucas Smith, Elder Company, London, 1898. * Charles Lamb and His Contemporaries, by Edmund Blunden, Cambridge University Press, 1933. * Companion to Charles Lamb, by Claude Prance, Mansell Publishing, London, 1938. * Charles Lamb; A Memoir, by Barry Cornwall aka Bryan Procter, Edward Moxon, London, 1866. * Young Charles Lamb, by Winifred Courtney, New York University Press, 1982. * Portrait of Charles Lamb, by David Cecil, Constable, London, 1983. * Charles Lamb, by George Barnett, Twayne Publishers, Boston, 1976. * A Double Life: A Biography of Charles and Mary Lamb by Sarah Burton, Viking, 1993. The Lambs: Their Lives, Their Friends, and Their Correspondence by William Carew Hazlitt, C. Scribner’s Sons, 1897. References 1. ^ Lucas, Edward Verrall; Lamb, John (1905). The life of Charles Lamb. 1. London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. p. xvii. OCLC  361094. 2. ^ Last Essays of Elia page 7 3. ^ Lucas, Life of Lamb page 41 4. ^ The Essays of Elia page 23 5. ^ Literary Enfield Retrieved 04 June 2008 6. ^ Fadiman, Anne. â€Å"The Unfuzzy Lamb†. At Large and At Small: Familiar Essays. pp. 26–27. 7. ^ Lamb, Charles â€Å"Best Letters of Charles Lamb. † Best Letters of Charles Lamb (2006): 1. Literary Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. 1 Nov. 2009. How to cite Maddy Yo, Essay examples

Presidential Debate `96 Essays - Conservatism In The United States

Presidential Debate `96 In the 1996 presidential debate, there were many controversial points brought up and discussed by the candidates. There were opportunities to turn the debate into a verbal cock fight, but the President was a model of restraint and Senator Dole simply did not choose to aggravate the president to an extreme. When Senator Dole referred to the `92 debate and how the President referred to Bush as Mr. Bush, not Mr. President, and how he himself would address Clinton as Mr. President, it was evident that Dole was going to debate to make Clinton mad enough to make a mistake. Senator Dole was apparently trying to bring out the beast in Clinton, but he kept cool, while Clinton himself made no offensive remarks to Dole. The questions asked brought about straight answers in the beginning, but towards the end, the candidates were repeating themselves because the questions began to lose focus and seemed to overlap enough to cause an answer similar to if not the same as an earlier one. I do admit, though, that the questions did attack key points and some answers that were given did seriously cause some thought not to where the vote is going, but where it will lead us. The answers given were fairly definitive, and the only topic not seriously touched was scandals such as Watergate, etc. The debate was key in helping me decide a now important part of my life. I have decided that I am a Democrat. I found most of what Clinton had said to be closest to what I believe, but there were a few points where I did agree with Dole. Particularly on the quality of life discussion. Clinton argued that the United States was better off, and Dole agreed, but not exactly. Dole brought up the point that there were around 10,000 bankruptcies filed last year, and that taxes were higher, and people were working harder for the same wages. Another Policy of Dole's that I agree very much with is the Gun Check system. I think that it is an idea that is long overdue. The election this year was not as full of mudslinging as past years, but I think it added to the sanity and constructiveness of the debate. Nothing would get done if the candidates were simply vilifying each other.

How to Write a Research Paper on Breast Cancer

How to Write a Research Paper on Breast Cancer Research Paper on Breast Cancer How to start a research paper on breast cancer Tips on how to start Example of an outline Example of a breast cancer research paper thesis Example of an introduction How to write body paragraphs for a research paper on breast cancer Tips on body writing Example of the 1st body paragraph Example of the 2nd body paragraph Example of the 3rd body paragraph How to finish a research paper on breast cancer Tips on conclusion writing Example of a conclusion Tips on research paper revision How to start a research paper on breast cancer The first is to think about the introductory part of the research paper on breast cancer that aims to catch the eyes of the reader. Researching is important to know more about the prevalence of breast cancer, the cause, the prevalence, and the impact on the population. The rationale is to gain more knowledge about breast cancer that is potentially hazardous to the longevity and the health and well-being of the person. Tips on how to start A research paper must have an introduction to introduce the topic that will try to familiarize the leaders about the topic that will be discussed. The researcher should collect important data to ensure that the research process is ready to consolidate and present it to the audience. There should be an outline for each research study on a certain topic such as breast cancer as one of the most dangerous diseases in the world today. Identify what method of analysis will be applied to the research paper if it is either qualitative or quantitative. A research paper must have at least a thesis statement that provides a formal way to introduce the topic to the readers. Example of an outline I. Introduction A. Background about breast cancer B. Problem statement about breast cancer C. History of breast cancer D. Thesis II. Body Section A. Factors affecting breast cancer B. Why breast cancer is a concerning disease III. Body Section A. Complications of breast cancer B. Pathophysiology of breasts with cancer IV. Body Section A. Diagnostic testing B. Breast cancer treatment C. Prevention against breast cancer V. Conclusion A. Relating the background of the story B. Restating the thesis. Example of a breast cancer research paper thesis Women who fail to conduct breast self-assessment indicate lack of awareness about the risk of developing breast cancer. Others do not undergo a regular check-up to determine if they are either at risk or not for developing breast cancer. Females only notice that they are now suffering if they are already feeling the signs and symptoms until it is already too late to undergo for treatment. Example of introduction Breast cancer is defined as the process of suffering from both benign and malignant tumors on either or both of the breasts of the patient. This is caused by either a modifiable or nonmodifiable risk factor which concerns with the severity and the prevalence on the presence of cancer cells on the affected parts of the body. Breast cancer is a life-threatening disease, especially if the stage of the disease is already on its terminal stage without being screened (Siu, 2016). The cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body, causing another form of infection to the affected tissue or organ of the body. This paper will be discussing the prevalence rate, mortality, and morbidity of breast cancer, which affects millions of patients around the world. How to write body paragraphs for a research paper on breast cancer Every researcher should know that the body paragraph of every research paper is important because it seeks to expound the main discussion of the subject. The body is where the main topic is being discussed. Researchers will be able to define, relate examples, and its impacts on the target individuals regarding the issues that are relevant to the research topic. Tips on body writing The body should be segmented into different parts that separately discuss several key issues relevant to the main subject of the study. Each segment should have a literature study to further explain the significance of the main subject matter to different kinds of topics being discussed from the paper. The body needs credible sources as the researcher explains the relevance of the subject matter through specific details that are connected with the research topic. Each discussion from every segment of the research should be supported with examples to narrate the whole scenario of the topic being discussed. Each discussion should be always concise and not be beating around the bush. Example of the 1st body paragraph The modifiable cause of breast cancer is related to the lifestyle of the patient, which affects their health. This includes their sedentary lifestyle, which plays an important role in limiting their proactive lifestyle, impacting their health and longevity. The non-modifiable factor is attributed to their gender as a female because most sufferers of breast cancers are all females. Heredity and age is also an inevitable scenario, impacting the risk of developing similar health care situation to the next generation kin of the patients (Biswas, Oh, Faulkner, Bajaj, Silver, Mitchell Alter, 2015). Example of the 2nd body paragraph Breast cancer is a life-threatening disease of the human body. Visible signs and symptoms include unusual enlargement of the breast, lump on the breast, tenderness of the breast, and unusual discharges from the breast. If left untreated, palliative care is the only applicable treatment applied to the patient (Moyer, 2013). Example of the 3rd body paragraph Surgical removal of the cancerous cyst is recommended for patients suffering from the disease. This includes double mastectomy so that the patient’s affected organs and tissues will no longer infect other parts of the body. Radiation or chemotherapy is the most common treatment applied to the patient along with the medication regimen as well as screening procedures (Gotzsche Jorgensen, 2013). How to finish a research paper on breast cancer It is best to finish the research paper with wrapping up what has been said and giving recommendations. This is to end the conversation between a reader and the presented research. Tips on conclusion writing Provide a detailed outline of the research regarding the pertinent data being discussed. Always use a concise way of concluding each paragraph. State your final thoughts about the main subject of the topic such as the impact of breast cancer on the society. Reveal insight corresponding to the issue is associated with the relevance of breast cancer prevalence to the society. Recommendations should be applied for the concluding paragraph, stating what can be done to prevent breast cancer development to the society. Example of a conclusion It has been concluded that breast cancer is prevalent if the patient was not aware of the proper handling of diet management and having an uncontrollable sedentary lifestyle. Even if you are at risk, breast cancer is still a disease that could affect your health and longevity. We should realize that breast cancer is a life-threatening disease and could happen to anyone who was practicing a poor healthy lifestyle. Preventive measures such as engaging in a productive dissemination and awareness program are important to increase the number of individuals who are willing to cooperate with health care professionals. Tips on research paper revision It is important to proofread before finalizing the paper this is to check all grammatical inconsistencies or grammars. Check if the sources exist online so that it is easier for the audience to have an access to the facts. Refer to your research adviser to know other issues that are needed to be changed or revised. Never consider your paper as the final output prior to your defense. Proofread multiple times as possible before submitting to the adviser or prior to defense. References Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE, Bajaj RR, Silver MA, Mitchell MS Alter DA (2015). Sedentary Time and Its Association With Risk for Disease Incidence, Mortality, and Hospitalization in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.  Annals of Internal Medicine.  162  (2): 123–32.   Gà ¸tzsche PC, Jà ¸rgensen KJ (2013). Screening for breast cancer with mammography..  The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.  6: CD001877.   Moyer VA (2013). Medications for Risk Reduction of Primary Breast Cancer in Women: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement..  Annals of Internal Medicine.  159: 698–708.   Siu, Albert L. (12 January 2016). Screening for Breast Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.  Annals of Internal Medicine.  164: 279–96.

Dead People Rule

Dead People Rule I write about dead people. And get paid. But I didn’t set out to write about dead people. Mitty Ann Medlin captured my attention at a local historic cemetery. She arrived in Texas in 1848, at the age of 18, in a covered wagon train from Missouri. She married here and died in childbirth in 1850. I was intrigued. I wanted to write her story. I researched. And researched more. Yet, I didn’t feel ready to write the book. But, as with most writing, it doesn’t have to be an all or nothing venture. Mitty Ann, and a Texas full moon, was the inspiration for a blog hop a few years ago. That blog led to a request from the city of Trophy Club for an article. Medlin Memories: Winds of Change appeared in Discover Trophy Club. A few months later, Guardian Angel Kids published Sarah’s Journey in their ezine. I chose Mitty’s younger sister, Sarah, to tell the story to a younger audience. Another month, Guardian Angel Kids ‘Aviation’ theme stumped me. Story ideas were fleeting. But †¦ I had a list of remarkable Texas women from another project. Katherine and Mary Stinson, two sisters, had numerous flying records in aviation’s early days. Sisters with Wings was born. I got paid again for writing about dead people. A set of 1934 quilt squares I acquired at a yard sale ten years ago filled another niche. The blocks had names embroidered on them. I discovered their origins a small, now nonexistent, town in Iowa. Calico Connections appeared as another children’s story. With some supplemental quilting information, the story was reborn as Doris’s Christmas Legacy for Quilters World. (A follow up about delivering the quilt squares to Iowa will appear in the Summer 2015 issue.) Queries are out to other publications, such as Our Iowa, and Iowan. Short stories were also submitted to Ladies Home Journal and Chicken Soup for the Soul. Writing about people from the past is more than

Automobile Accidents Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Automobile Accidents - Research Paper Example Automobile drivers and other stakeholders who are part of automobile accidents can take control of internal factors to decrease the rate of automobile accidents. The reasons due to which automobile accidents are caused include substance abuse, cultural factors, use of mobile phone, personality traits and experience. It is most commonly believed that when individuals are under the influence of substances such as alcohol or drugs, they tend to loose control over their vehicle and cause accidents. Several accidents throughout the world are linked with alcoholism. A study was conducted by Richer and other researchers to ensure whether driving under influence of cannabis results in automobile accidents or not (Richer, 2009). The literature review section of the research proved that various researches have stated that when a driver is under the influence of cannabis there are higher chances of automobile accidents as the driver looses his control over the vehicle. The study conducted by Richer was related to driving type and by those who abuse cannabis. The research proved that when drivers are under the influence of cannabis, they drive in a reckless manner and are negative state of emotion. This opinion has been countered by Guastello through his research in which he hypothesized that individuals w ho are addicted to alcohol and are heavy alcohol drinkers are mostly involved in road accidents even when they are not under the influence of alcohol (Guastello, 1987). The research took place for three years in which 1300 respondents who were at the undergraduate level of their education reported incidents of near missed accidents each week and a questionnaire was used to measure their level of alcohol and drug abuse. The research concluded that the hypothesis was null and there was no or miniature connection between use of drugs and alcohol and automobile accidents. As stated by WHO that the 70% of the deaths that take place throughout the

The Underground Railroad Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Underground Railroad - Research Paper Example The growing activity of Underground Railroad gave a completely new meaning to the concept of slavery and freedom among American society. The activity did not accurately take place underground but it was carried out in clandestine, using masquerade or in the night. The term railroad subsequently came as an identity because the resting places were known as stations and those who helped the slaves to travel towards their freedom were conductors and the payments they collected were either called parcels or shipment. The whole network spread across through 14 northern states and the freedom land, which was either Canada or Mexico (Foner et al 1991). There are many stories explaining about the source of the title Underground Railway. One source narrates the story that in early 1831; Tice David found his way out from Kentucky somewhere near Sandusky in Northern Ohio. The person who was in charge of imprisoning Tice David started a search across the Ohio River in Ripley and stated the term Underground Railroad by saying, â€Å"The Nigger must have gone off on an underground railroad†. The second source claims the identity of the term Underground Railroad similar to the first one but they claim that it was coined in Pennsylvania by the slave hunters. Whereas the third allegation was in Washington DC in 1839, where a tortured slave stated that after his successful escape, he came north where he found the Underground Railroad that would led him to Boston.... No one really knows the true reason behind what gave the slave runaway an identity as The Underground Railroad (Blight 1986). Underground Railroad system helped many slaves to make their way from South to North to a safe place. The activity started in 1787, when an escaped prisoner named Isaac T. Hooper designed a way to help the enslaved people to escape, giving them a place to hide with food and shelter. People who opposed the system of slavery contributed to provide homes as a shelter for the slaves. The network of Underground Railroad was across in 14 Northern states and Canada and by 1850, more than 3000 people worked together to help the slaves to reach the Promised Land (Blight 1990). Before the Civil War, many slaves found their way to gain freedom from the slavery. According to some figures, it was estimated that more than 1000 slaves escaped per year. Most of the people who escaped wanted to end the slavery and some of them just wanted to reach to their friends and families . Some slaves settled in the southern region in different towns and cities using fake documents. It is believed that the majority of fugitives tried to find their way to North and many of the fugitives kept going towards Canada. Some of the escaped prisoners willingly came back to their masters and a large number of slaves got caught by slave hunters. For those who attempted to get to the North, support came from many Native Americans and Africans. This support become obvious as the years passed. When the year 1830 passed, the supporters showed high support in carrying out this activity. The black community played an important role and later on the support was named The Underground Railroad. African people after escaping played a very important role in routing people to

Of Nightingales That Weep by Katherine Paterson Essay -- Of Nightingal

Of Nightingales That Weep Chapter 1 This chapter is about Takiko and her first family home. It tells a lot about her family. They talk about the war In this chapter also. Takiko’s mother decides that she will remarry after her father dies. Takiko’s finds out that her father is died. Chapter 2 This chapter the book tells about Goro who is Takiko’s stepfather. Takiko finds out that Goro is a injured man. She thinks it will be very hard to live with Goro because of his problem. Chapter 3 This chapter tells about Takiko living with Goro for a few months now. It tells how the family has a party for the new year, and they hope that the family will work out. Chapter 4 This chapter is about the child that Takiko’s mother has. She has the baby with Goro. This is when Takiko thinks about her future and she wants to leave the farm and go on into the city and start a new life there. Chapter 5 This chapter is about when Takiko starts her new free life in the capital. She finds a job with the Emperor and makes money to survive on. The job is that she is a servant for the Emperor. She also plays as a musician playing her Kyoto. Chapter 6 In this chapter Takiko plays the Kyoto in from of a large audience that gathered just to here her play on it. This is a trial or a test to see if she belongs at the capital. Chapter 7 In this chapter a war becomes abrupt into the capital, and it forces everyone to leave. Takiko’s mother hears about it and tells her husband t...

Training and Development Paper

Training is an essential part of any field without which even a qualified person cannot contribute effectively to an organization. It is important to evaluate every kind of training in order to determine whether it is producing the desired goals or it needs to be improved. Evaluation mostly involves getting ongoing feedback from the learner, trainer and supervisor so that there is continuous improvement in the quality and quantity. The different ways through which training can be evaluated are as follows: · Effectiveness of training can be measured through employee performance evaluations which are carried out from time to time as a regular appraisal process. The impact of training can be known by evaluating employee’s performance and training can be altered if necessary. · Training also has impact on business performance therefore evaluating business performance through sales, production costs, output, absenteeism, and turnover. Business performance can also be evaluated through qualitative improvements like quality of products and services, customer satisfaction achieved through superior customer service and greater innovation. · The most useful way is through employee feedback. Employees should be asked directly that if the training was according to their expertise and expectations, what have they learnt and how will they put the training into action, can the training be improved so that it better work etc. Employees might hesitate to give responses face to face therefore, training assessment or evaluation forms can be used for this purpose. · Finally, observation can also be a useful technique for evaluation the effectiveness of the training. Observation should be according to the objective of the training. If the training’s purpose was to enhance the communication skills of the employees then it can be observed how employees communicate with each other and with their customers in order to determine the training effectiveness.Training should be treated as a necessity in the organizations and therefore, it should be continuously reinforced and sustained so that the employees can always show better performance than before. Training should be ongoing in order to sustain the performance of the learners. In order to accomplish this training should be never stopped instead it should be properly evaluated and improved from time to time.There will not come any time when employees don’t need training because the business environment is continuously changing which require different abilities and skills at different times. Therefore, continuous training is the right way to sustain and reinforce better performance. Another way is support from the top management. When the superiors support their subordinates in acquiring knowledge then training can be reinforced. Thus, providing training is not the end instead sustaining and reinforcing it is also critical to ensure its effectiveness.REFERENCESBramley, P. (1991). Evalu ating Training Effectiveness: Translating Theory into Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.

How to Conjugate the Verb Dovere in Italian

If you are feeling besieged by things you must do and see on your trip to Italy, you will want to reach out for the verb dovere. It means to have to, to be obligated to, and must. Depending on the tense, it also means supposed to and should, and it also means to owe. Modal: Transitive or Intransitive Dovere, an irregular second-conjugation verb, is  transitive, so it takes a  direct object (in the case of owing, its a true object, such as money), and in its compound tenses it is conjugated with the auxiliary verb avere. But dovere is most important for its service as a modal verb, or verbo servile, serving to express the duty to do something; and in that capacity it directly precedes the verb it is serving and, in compound tenses, it most often adopts the auxiliary required by that verb. For example, if what must be done is to pay the bill, dovere takes avere: Ho dovuto pagare il conto. If it serves an intransitive verb with essere, such as partire, for example, it takes essere: Sono dovuto partire (I had to leave). With a reflexive verb, it will take essere. Remember your ground rules for choosing the right auxiliary; sometimes it is a case-by-case choice, depending on the use of the verb at that moment. Ho dovuto vestire i bambini. I had to dress the children (transitive, avere).Mi sono dovuta vestire. I had to get dressed (reflexive, essere). But, a few rules regarding modal verbs: They want avere when they are followed by essere (la mamma ha dovuto essere coraggiosa, or, mom had to be courageous) and, with reflexive verbs, the position of the reflexive pronoun determines whether it uses essere or avere. Note here: Ci siamo dovuti lavare. We had to wash.Abbiamo dovuto lavarci. We had to wash. To Owe In its meaning of to owe something dovere is followed by a noun and takes avere: Ti devo una spiegazione. I owe you an explanation.Marco mi deve dei soldi. Marco owes me some money.Gli devo la vita. I own him my life. Like fellow verbs potere and volere, the acts of having to, wanting to, and being able to do not, most often, have a clear-cut beginning and end, so they often lend themselves to less perfect tenses. You dont use dovere as owing in the passato prossimo to say I owed unless you settled the debt: you use the imperfetto, which then leads to you having paid the debt or not. Gli ho dovuto dei soldi per molto tempo. I owed him money for a long time (and implying that you paid him back).Gli dovevo dei soldi. I owed him money (and perhaps you paid him back). Avere Bisogno Dovere can also be used to mean what in English is casually referred to as needing—devo andare in banca, for example: I need to go to the bank. In truth, true need in Italian is expressed with avere bisogno di, referring to an interior need rather than an obligation. However, at least superficially, the two are easily interchanged. Tu hai bisogno di riposarti, or, tu ti devi riposare mean similar things: you need to rest, or you must/have to rest. In the tables below are examples of dovere used with transitive, intransitive non-reflexive, and reflexive verbs, with essere and avere, in modal function and not. Note, there is no imperative in dovere. Indicativo Presente: Present Indicative An irregular presente. In the present, dovere means the most assured must, though if preceded by forse, it is might have to. Io devo/debbo Io devo lavorare. I must/have to work. Tu devi Tu devi andare. You must go. Lui, lei, Lei deve Luca mi deve dei soldi. Luca owes me some money. Noi dobbiamo Dobbiamo telefonare in ufficio. We have to call the office. Voi dovete Dovete pagare il conto. You must pay the bill. Loro devono Devono svegliarsi/si devono svegliare. They must/need to wake up. Indicativo Passato Prossimo: Indicative Present Perfect The passato prossimo, made of the present of the auxiliary and the past participle, dovuto. With modal verbs there is a finiteness to this tense: it means having had to do something and having done it. If you say, Ho dovuto mangiare dalla nonna, it means you had to and implies that you did. Io ho dovuto/sono dovuto/a Oggi ho dovuto lavorare. Today I had to work. Tu hai dovuto/sei dovuto/a Dove sei dovuto andare oggi? Where did you have to go today? Lui, lei, Lei ha dovuto/à ¨ dovuto/a Luca mi ha dovuto dei soldi per molto tempo. Luca owed me money for a long time. Noi abbiamo dovuto/siamo dovuti/e Abbiamo dovuto telefonare in ufficio per avere una risposta. We had to call the office to get an answer. Voi avete dovuto/siete dovuti/e Avete dovuto pagare perchà © vi toccava. You had to pay because it was your turn. Loro, Loro hanno dovuto/sono dovuti/e Stamattina hanno dovuto svegliarsi/si sono dovuti svegliare presto. This morning they had to get up early. Indicativo Imperfetto: Imperfetto Indicativo In the imperfetto, dovere can be rendered with the English translation supposed to, implying that perhaps things didnt happen as expected, as the subtleties of this modal verb allow. Io dovevo Oggi dovevo lavorare ma ha piovuto. Today I was supposed to work but it rained. Tu dovevi Non dovevi andare a casa? Were you not supposed to go home? Lui, lei, Lei doveva Luca mi doveva dei soldi. Luca owed me some money. Noi dovevamo Dovevamo telefonare in ufficio ma ci siamo dimenticate. We were supposed to call the office but we forgot. Voi dovevate Non dovevate pagare voi? Were you not supposed to pay? Loro, Loro dovevano Dovevano svegliarsi alle 8. They were supposed to wake up at 8. Indicativo Passato Remoto A regular passato remoto. Io dovei/dovetti Quel giorno dovetti lavorare e tornai tardi. That day I had to work late and I came home late. Tu dovesti Ricordo che dovesti andare presto. I remember that you had to go early. Lui, lei, Lei dovà ©/dovette Luca mi dovette dei soldi per molti anni. Luca owed me money for many years. Noi dovemmo Dovemmo telefonare in ufficio per sapere se eravamo promosse. We had to call the office to know if we had passed. Voi doveste Doveste pagare tutto il conto perchà © loro non avevano soldi. You had to pay the whole bill because they didn't have any money. Loro dovettero Si dovettero svegliare/dovettero svegliarsi presto per partire. They had to wake up early to leave. Indicativo Trapassato Prossimo: Past Perfect Indicative The trapassato prossimo, made of the imperfetto of the auxiliary and the past participle. Io avevo dovuto/ero dovuto/a Avevo dovuto lavorare prima di andare a scuola. You had had to work before going to school. Tu avevi dovuto/eri dovuto/a Eri dovuto andare non so dove. You had had to go I don't know where. Lui, lei, Lei aveva dovuto/era dovuto/a Luca mi aveva dovuto dei soldi da molto tempo. Luca had owed my money for a long time. Noi avevamo dovuto/eravamo dovuti/e Avevamo dovuto telefonare in ufficio per avere la risposta. We had had to call the office to have an answer. Voi avevate dovuto/eravate dovuti/e Avevate dovuto pagare sempre voi perchà © eravate i pià ¹ generosi. You had always had to pay because you were the most generous. Loro, Loro avevano dovuto/erano dovuti/e Si erano dovuti svegliare/avevano dovuto svegliarsi presto per andare a scuola. They had had to wake up early to go to school. Indicativo Trapassato Remoto: Preterite Past Indicative Il trapassato remoto, made of the passato remoto of the auxiliary and the past participle. A very remote literary storytelling tense. Io ebbi dovuto/fui dovuto/a Dopo che ebbi dovuto lavorare, andai a riposare. After I had had to work, I went to rest. Tu avesti dovuto/fosti dovuto/a Appena che fosti dovuto andare, mi chiamasti. As soon as you had had to go, you called me. Lui, lei, Lei ebbe dovuto/fu dovuto/a Dopo che Luca mi ebbe dovuto i soldi per molto tempo, me li dette. After Luca had owned me the money for so long, he gave it to me. Noi avemmo dovuto/fummo dovuti/e Dopo che avemmo dovuto telefonare in ufficio per sapere di nostro figlio, il generale si scusà ². After we had had to call the office to have news of our son, the general apologized. Voi aveste dovuto/fummo dovuti/e Aveste dovuto pagare perchà © nessun altri volle pagare. You had had to pay because no one else would. Loro, Loro ebbero dovuto/furono dovuti/e Dopo che si furono dovuti svegliare/ebbero dovuto svegliarsi all'alba, furono stanchi tutto il viaggio. After they had had to get up at dawn, they stayed tired the rest of the trip. Indicativo Futuro Semplice: Simple Future Indicative Il futuro semplice, irregular, translates to will have to. Io dovrà ² Quest'anno dovrà ² lavorare molto. This year I will have to work a lot. Tu dovrai Presto dovrai andare. Soon you will have to go. Lui, lei, Lei dovrà   Domani Luca non mi dovrà   pià ¹ niente. Tomorrow Luca will not owe me anything anymore. Noi dovremo Dovremo telefonare in ufficio per avere una risposta. We will have to call the office to have an answer. Voi dovrete Domani dovrete pagare voi. Tomorrow you will have to pay. Loro, Loro dovranno Domani dovranno svegliarsi presto per il viaggio. Tomorrow they will have to wake up early for the trip. Indicativo Futuro Anteriore: Future Perfect Indicative A regular futuro anteriore, made of the simple future of the auxiliary and the past participle. A good tense for surmising, too. Io avrà ² dovuto/sarà ² dovuto/a Se avrà ² dovuto lavorare, sarà ² stanco. If I will have had to work, I will be tired. Tu avrai dovuto/sarai dovuto/a A quest'ora domani sarai dovuto andare via. Tomorrow at this time you will have had to leave. Lui, lei, Lei avrà   dovuto/sarà   dovuto/a Forse Luca avrà   dovuto dei soldi anche a Luigi? Maybe Luca owed Luigi money too? Noi avremo dovuto/saremo dovuti/e Dopo che avremo telefonato in ufficio avremo la risposta. After we will have called the office we will have our answer. Voi avrete dovuto/sarete dovuti/e Dopo che avrete dovuto pagare voi, sarete senz'altro di cattivo umore. After you will have had to pay, you will be in a bad mood. Loro, Loro avranno dovuto/saranno dovuti/e Sicuramente si saranno dovuti svegliare/avranno dovuto svegliarsi presto per il viaggio. Surely they will have had to get up early for their trip. Congiuntivo Presente: Present Subjunctive An irregular congiuntivo presente. Che io debba Pare assurdo che debba lavorare a Natale. It seems absurd that I have to work for Christmas. Che tu debba Non voglio che tu debba andare. I don't want you to have to go. Che lui, lei, Lei debba Credo che Luca mi debba dei soldi. I think that Luca owes me money. Che noi dobbiamo Temo che domani dobbiamo telefonare in ufficio. I fear that tomorrow we will have to call the office. Che voi dobbiate Sono felice che dobbiate pagare voi. I am happy that you have to pay. Che loro, Loro debbano Temo che si debbano svegliare presto. I fear that they have to get up early. Congiuntivo Passato: Present Perfect Subjunctive A regular congiuntivo passato, made of the present subjunctive of the auxiliary and the past participle. Che io abbia dovuto/sia dovuto/a Nonostante abbia dovuto lavorare per Natale, sono felice. Though I had to work on Christmas, I am happy. Che tu abbia dovuto/sia dovuto/a Sono felice, nonostante tu sia dovuto andare. Although you had to go, I am happy. Che lui, lei, Lei abbia dovuto/sia dovuto/a Non mi importa che Luca mi abbia dovuto dei soldi da molto tempo. It doesn't matter to me that Luca has owed me money for a long time. Che noi abbiamo dovuto/siamo dovuti/e Sono arrabbiata che abbiamo dovuto telefonare in ufficio per avere una risposta. I am angry that we had to call the office to have an answer. Che voi abbiate dovuto/siate dovuti/e Mi dispiace che abbiate dovuto pagare voi. I am sorry that you had to pay. Che loro, Loro abbiano dovuto/siano dovuti/e Mi dispiace che si siano dovuti svegliare/abbiano dovuto svegliarsi presto. I am sorry that they had to get up early. Congiuntivo Imperfetto: Imperfect Subjunctive A regular congiuntivo imperfetto. Che io dovessi La mamma non voleva che dovessi lavorare domani. Mom didn't want me to have to work tomorrow. Che tu dovessi Vorrei che tu non dovessi andare. I wish that you didn't have to go. Che lui, lei, Lei dovesse Vorrei che Luca non mi dovesse dei soldi. I wish that Luca didn't owe me money. Che noi dovessimo Speravo che non dovessimo telefonare in ufficio. I was hoping that we would not have to call the office. Che voi doveste Vorrei che non doveste pagare voi. I wish that you didn't have to pay. Che loro, Loro dovessero Speravo che non si dovessero svegliare presto. I hoped that they would not have to wake up early. Congiuntivo Trapassato: Past Perfect Subjunctive The congiuntivo trapassato, made of the imperfetto congiuntivo of the auxiliary and the past participle. Che io avessi dovuto/fossi dovuto/a La mamma vorrebbe che non avessi dovuto lavorare per Natale. Mom wishes that I had not had to work on Christmas. Che tu avessi dovuto/fossi dovuto/a Vorrei che tu non fossi dovuto andare. I wish that you had not had to go. Che lui, lei, Lei avesse dovuto/fosse dovuto/a Vorrei che Luca non mi avesse dovuto dei soldi. I wish that Luca had not owed me money. Che noi avessimo dovuto/fossimo dovuti/e Speravo che non avessimo dovuto telefonare in ufficio. I had hoped that we didn't have to call the office. Che voi aveste dovuto/foste dovuti/e Vorrei che non aveste dovuto pagare. I wish that you had not had to pay. Che loro, Loro avessero dovuto/fossero dovuti/e Speravo che non si fossero dovuti svegliare/avessero dovuto svegliarsi presto. I hoped that they had not had to wake up early. Condizionale Presente: Present Conditional An irregular presente condizionale: should. Io dovrei Dovrei lavorare domani. I should work tomorrow. Tu dovresti Dovresti andare. You should go. Lui, lei, Lei dovrebbe Luca non mi dovrebbe dei soldi se non ne avesse avuto bisogno. Luca would not owe me money if he had not had the need. Noi dovremmo Dovremmo telefonare in ufficio. We should call the office. Voi dovreste Non dovreste pagare voi. You shouldn't have to pay. Loro, Loro dovrebbero Se sono organizzati, non dovrebbero svegliarsi troppo presto. If they are organized, they should not have to get up too early. Condizionale Passato: Past Conditional Il condizionale passato, made of the present conditional of the auxiliary and the past participle, translates best to should have. Io avrei dovuto/sarei dovuto/a Avrei dovuto lavorare domani ma faccio festa. I should have worked tomorrow but I am taking the day off. Tu avresti dovuto/saresti dovuto/a Saresti dovuto andare domani, senza di me. You should have gone tomorrow, without me. Lui, lei, Lei avrebbe dovuto/sarebbe dovuto/a Se non fosse per te, Luca mi avrebbe dovuto ancora dei soldi. If it had not been for you, Luca would still have owed me money. Noi avremmo dovuto/saremmo dovuti/e Avremmo dovuto telefonare in ufficio noi. We should have called the office. Voi avreste dovuto/sareste dovuti/e Avreste dovuto pagare voi. You should have paid. Loro, Loro avrebbero dovuto/sarebbero dovuti/e Si sarebbero dovuti svegliare/avrebbero dovuto svegliarsi prima. They should have woken up earlier. Infinito Presente Passato: Present Past Infinitive The infinito dovere is an important noun in its own right, meaning duty. Dovere 1. Il dovere viene prima del piacere. 2. Il tuo dovere à ¨ di studiare. 3. Mi risolleva non dovermi alzare presto. 4. Mi dispiace doverti deludere. 1. Duty comes before pleasure. 2. Your duty is to study. 3. It consoles me to not have to get up early. 4. I am sorry to have to disappoint you. Avere dovuto Non mi fa piacere avere dovuto pagare la multa. It does not please me to have to have paid the fine. Essere dovuto/a/i/e Mi ha fatto bene essermi dovuta alzare presto. It was good for me to have to get up early. Participio Presente Passato: Present Past Participle Aside from its auxiliary function, the participio passato dovuto is used as a noun and an adjective meaning due, owed, needed, or appropriate. Dovente - Dovuto 1. Dobbiamo pagare il dovuto. 2. Non ti lamentare pià ¹ del dovuto. 1. We must pay what's owed. 2. Don't complain more than what's appropriate. Dovuto/a/i/e Sono dovuta andare. I had to go. Gerundio Presente Passato: Present Past Gerund The gerund occupies an important role in Italian. Dovendo 1. Dovendo studiare, sono rimasta a casa. 2. Dovendoti le mie scuse, ho voluto incontrarti. 1. Having to study, I stayed home. 2. Owing you my apologies, I wanted to see you. Avendo dovuto 1. Avendo dovuto studiare, sono rimasta a casa. 2. Avendoti dovuto le mie scuse, ho cercato di vederti. 1. Having had to study, I stayed home. 2. Having owed you my apologies, I tried to see you. Essendosi dovuto/a/i/e 1. Essendosi dovuta riposare, Lucia à ¨ rimasta a casa. 2. Essendosi dovuti alzare presto, sono andati a dormire. 1. Having needed to rest, Lucia stayed home. 2. Having needed/having to get up early, they went to sleep.